Fused Kidney

Congenital fusion of two kidneys.

Also Known As:

Cake Kidney; Congenital Fusion of Kidneys; Congenital Lobulation of Kidneys; Crossed Fused Ectopia; Crossed Fused Ectopia of Kidneys; Fusion of Kidney; Horseshoe Kidney; Lobulated Kidney; Lobulation of Kidney; Pelvic Cake Kidney; Renal Fusion; Cake Kidneys; Crossed Fused Ectopias; Fused Kidneys; Fusion, Renal; Fusions, Renal; Horseshoe Kidneys; Kidney Fusion; Kidney Fusions; Kidney Lobulation; Kidney Lobulations; Kidney, Cake; Kidney, Fused; Kidney, Horseshoe; Kidney, Lobulated; Kidneys, Cake; Kidneys, Fused; Kidneys, Horseshoe; Kidneys, Lobulated; Lobulated Kidneys; Pelvic Cake Kidneys; Renal Fusions

Networked: 453 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Calculi (Calculus)
2.	Kidney Calculi (Kidney Stone)
3.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
5.	Fistula

Experts

1.	Smith, Arthur D: 4 articles (09/2010 - 07/2002)
2.	Kootstra, G: 4 articles (12/2001 - 12/2000)
3.	Stroosma, O B: 4 articles (12/2001 - 12/2000)
4.	Uemura, Hiroji: 3 articles (01/2018 - 09/2007)
5.	Schurink, G W: 3 articles (12/2001 - 04/2001)
6.	Kanno, Toru: 2 articles (07/2022 - 04/2021)
7.	Miki, Jun: 2 articles (07/2022 - 06/2018)
8.	Yanagisawa, Takafumi: 2 articles (07/2022 - 06/2018)
9.	Davidovic, Lazar: 2 articles (02/2022 - 09/2010)
10.	Dragas, Marko: 2 articles (02/2022 - 09/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Fused Kidney:

1.	DiureticsIBA 12/01/2003 - "Follow-up diuretic renal scan and CT revealed improved drainage and separation of the divided horseshoe kidney." 12/01/2007 - "A 25-y-old man with horseshoe kidney was referred for diuretic-augmented renal scintigraphy. " 04/01/1996 - "Follow-up diuretic renal scans showed complete resolution of obstruction (T1/2 < 10 minutes) in one patient; no change was noted in the patient with a horseshoe kidney. " 05/01/2003 - "The 99mTc-DMSA renal scan and 99mTc-DTPA diuretic renogram in children and adolescents with incidental diagnosis of horseshoe kidney." 05/01/2003 - "A prospective study was conducted to determine the possibility of obstructive hydronephrosis in horseshoe kidney found incidentally in school children and adolescents by using a radionuclide diuretic renogram. "
2.	Mercaptopurine (6 Mercaptopurine)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2021 - "Case #1: 58-year-old male with a horseshoe kidney deformity, uncontrolled hypertension, GERD and small bowel stricturing Crohn's disease (CD), previously on mercaptopurine and allopurinol, subsequently transitioned to adalimumab, maintaining clinical and radiologic remission. "
3.	Allopurinol (Remid)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2021 - "Case #1: 58-year-old male with a horseshoe kidney deformity, uncontrolled hypertension, GERD and small bowel stricturing Crohn's disease (CD), previously on mercaptopurine and allopurinol, subsequently transitioned to adalimumab, maintaining clinical and radiologic remission. "
4.	Adalimumab (Humira)FDA Link 12/01/2021 - "Case #1: 58-year-old male with a horseshoe kidney deformity, uncontrolled hypertension, GERD and small bowel stricturing Crohn's disease (CD), previously on mercaptopurine and allopurinol, subsequently transitioned to adalimumab, maintaining clinical and radiologic remission. "
5.	Pentetic Acid (DTPA)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1995 - "The present study shows correlating Tc-99m sestamibi and Tc-99m DTPA studies in hypertensive patients with a spectrum of findings, including aortic aneurysms, asymmetry due to renovascular disease, cysts, bilateral renal dysfunction, and horseshoe kidney. " 05/01/2010 - "Tc-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid and Tc-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid renal scan detect "reverse horseshoe kidney"." 11/01/1989 - "The patient probably had Ivemark syndrome with dextrocardia (confirmed by chest radiograph), horseshoe kidney (confirmed by 99Tcm DTPA scintigraphy), and biliary atresia (confirmed on the HIDA scan). "
6.	Cystine (L-Cystine)IBA 04/01/2021 - "Seven patients were excluded from the study due to the horseshoe kidney in two cases and recurrent cystine stone configuration in five patients. " 01/01/1989 - "Our results show that indication of ESWL may be questionable in renal anomalies (horseshoe kidney, caliceal diverticulum, pyeloureteric stricture, urinary diversion), in some cases of lithiasis (cystine stone, infundibular lithiasis, staghorn or ureteral calculi) and in some patients (para and tetraplegics and those with solitary kidneys)."
7.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 11/01/2007 - "In two of these, FISH studies identified sub-microscopic deletions involving a minimum of 328 Kb and 550 Kb. The SOX2 phenotypes include a patient with anophthalmia, oesophageal abnormalities and horseshoe kidney, and a patient with a retinal dystrophy implicating SOX2 in retinal development. "
8.	Radioisotopes (Radionuclides)IBA 03/01/2019 - "Our new formula provides a more reliable and accurate renal and isthmus depth estimation and contributes to improving the methods used to estimate renal function from radionuclide renography in horseshoe kidney." 03/01/2003 - "Radionuclide imaging of rare congenital renal fusion anomalies." 01/01/1997 - "The diagnosis of horseshoe kidney is established by Dupplex ultrasonography, CT scan, NMR, radionuclide scintigraphy and angiography. " 11/01/1985 - "The radionuclide diagnosis of horseshoe kidney." 05/01/1977 - "Incidental detection of a horseshoe kidney on radionuclide bone images."
9.	Succimer (Dimercaptosuccinic Acid)FDA Link 01/01/2020 - "The US showed a horseshoe kidney with the multicystic dysplastic area on the right side, which proved to be non-functional on 99m Tc-DMSA scintigraphy." 11/01/2015 - "A case was reported, and it was diagnosed as horseshoe kidney on follow-up renal dynamic scan and confirmed with the help of dimercaptosuccinic acid SPECT/CT. " 11/01/2015 - "Follow-up (99m)Tc EC renal dynamic scintigraphy and DMSA-III SPECT/CT in unmasking a masqueraded case of Horseshoe kidney." 03/01/2003 - "The authors review congenital renal fusion anomalies identified in children through Tc-99m DMSA imaging. " 02/01/2017 - "The examination was performed on a Siemens mCT Flow PET/CT and shows a moderate prostate uptake, related to prostatitis on self-catheterization and a focal renal cortical hypermetabolism of the left medial midpole of a horseshoe kidney, which corresponds to renal parenchyma on the CT, and suggests pyelonephritis, confirmed by Tc-DMSA SPECT/CT."
10.	Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic AcidIBA 01/01/2020 - "99mTc-DMSA Scintigraphy Revealed A Unilateral Multicystic Anomaly In A Horseshoe Kidney." 05/01/2003 - "They each underwent a 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid renal cortical scan to confirm the horseshoe kidney. " 05/01/1983 - "The results show that 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy reliably establishes the diagnosis of horseshoe kidney and clearly shows the isthmus, which is very essential for proper management. " 02/23/2022 - "We present a case of Fanconi anemia in a young girl with apparently fused kidneys on a 99mTc-DMSA planar scan which was confirmed to be bilateral pelvic kidneys on hybrid cross-sectional imaging." 05/01/1983 - "We used 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy in ten patients with horseshoe kidneys and five patients with unilateral fused kidneys. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 01/01/2023 - "Efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of multiple stones in three cases of horseshoe kidney." 01/01/2016 - "To assess the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopy technique-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) used in the treatment of complexity horseshoe kidney (HSK) with renal stones. " 12/01/2022 - "We conducted this study to compare radiation-free US-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in the flank position with conventional PNL in the prone position for the treatment of renal stones in patients with horseshoe kidneys. " 01/01/2021 - "Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Horseshoe Kidneys: Results of a Multicentric Study." 11/01/2011 - "We report a 2-center study of factors affecting the stone-free rate after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidneys. "
2.	Nephrectomy 01/01/2020 - "A combined ventral and dorsal side approach is a feasible, safe, and effective technique for laparoscopic right-modified RPLND or nephrectomy for horseshoe kidney." 12/30/2016 - "In the current study, we present our pure laparoscopic heminephrectomy experience in 13 patients with horseshoe kidney (HK). " 07/01/2022 - "This technique is advantageous for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with horseshoe kidney." 01/01/2022 - "Superselective embolization in management of remnant renal moiety and vessels after radical nephrectomy in horseshoe kidney." 07/01/2021 - "The use of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with horseshoe kidney is very rare, and only four cases have been reported. "
3.	Transplantation 12/01/2015 - "Contrast imaging study of the horseshoe kidney for transplantation." 01/01/2013 - "This study concludes that horseshoe kidneys can be successfully used for transplantation and provides a technical strategy to salvage the transplant after a unique complication associated with these donor kidneys." 12/27/2001 - "The aim of this study is to assess the results of horseshoe kidney transplantation. " 10/01/2022 - "Case Report: Horseshoe Kidney Transplantation Using Split Technique." 01/01/2022 - "Horseshoe kidney transplantation."
4.	Kidney Transplantation 05/01/2005 - "In this study we present two technically successful cases of renal transplantation using horseshoe kidneys en bloc with good results. " 12/01/2019 - "Kidney transplantation utilizing a horseshoe kidney." 01/01/2016 - "Renal Transplantation From a Living Donor With a Horseshoe Kidney." 01/01/2015 - "We report a case of renal transplantation using a horseshoe kidney from a living, genetically unrelated donor. " 10/01/2014 - "Although the harvesting procedure in the case of horseshoe kidney is not technically difficult, graft separation for successful renal transplantation is a challenge. "
5.	Operative Time 11/01/2022 - "Although it was stated that supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was associated with relatively shorter surgical times and comparable success and complication rates, there is no consensus in the current literature concerning the safety and efficacy of supine PCNL in patients with horseshoe kidneys. " 06/01/2006 - "It was completed successfully with an operative time of 280 minutes and an estimated blood loss of 350 mL. Bilateral HAL nephrectomy can be considered as an option for surgical removal of very large polycystic horseshoe kidneys." 11/01/2022 - "Reducing operative time and anaesthetic morbidity while performing percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidney with nephrolithiasis in supine position. " 12/01/2007 - "The operative time was 273 minutes, and estimated blood loss was 250 mL. To our knowledge, this is the initial case of HAL radical heminephrectomy for renal-cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney. "