fetal inflammatory response syndrome

Also Known As:

FIRS fetal inflammatory response syndrome; LPS-induced FIRS; LPS-induced fetal inflammatory response syndrome; chorioamnionitis-induced FIRS; chorioamnionitis-induced fetal inflammatory response syndrome; fetal sepsis-induced fetal inflammatory response syndrome; lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal inflammatory response syndrome; sepsis-induced FIRS; sepsis-induced fetal inflammatory response syndrome

Networked: 62 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Chorioamnionitis
3.	Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
4.	Neonatal Sepsis
5.	Periventricular Leukomalacia (Neonatal Cerebral Leukomalacia)

Experts

1.	Romero, Roberto: 11 articles (07/2017 - 06/2002)
2.	Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn: 9 articles (01/2016 - 06/2002)
3.	Hassan, Sonia S: 8 articles (07/2017 - 09/2007)
4.	Yoon, Bo Hyun: 8 articles (01/2016 - 06/2002)
5.	Kusanovic, Juan Pedro: 5 articles (07/2017 - 09/2007)
6.	Yeo, Lami: 5 articles (07/2017 - 01/2009)
7.	Andrys, Ctirad: 4 articles (12/2022 - 05/2014)
8.	Jacobsson, Bo: 4 articles (12/2022 - 05/2014)
9.	Kacerovsky, Marian: 4 articles (12/2022 - 05/2014)
10.	Musilova, Ivana: 4 articles (12/2022 - 05/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to fetal inflammatory response syndrome:

1.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 06/01/2023 - "This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic accuracy of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 for fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). " 06/01/2023 - "Diagnostic accuracy of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 for fetal inflammatory response syndrome." 12/01/2022 - "The rate of fetal inflammatory response syndrome did not vary among the amniotic fluid IL-6 quartile subgroups of women. " 12/01/2022 - "No differences in IL-6 concentrations in amniotic fluid were identified between women with and without a fetal inflammatory response syndrome (p = .40). " 12/01/2022 - "Fetal inflammatory response syndrome was characterized according to IL-6 concentration in the umbilical cord blood of >11 pg/mL. Based on the quartiles of IL-6 concentrations in the amniotic fluid, these women were divided into four subgroups (from the lowest to the highest IL-6 concentrations). "
2.	Lipocalin-2IBA 08/01/2021 - "The maternal white blood cell count and amniotic interleukin-6 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels were effective predictors of fetal inflammatory response syndrome. " 08/01/2021 - "To analyze the effectiveness of amniotic fluid neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and L-type fatty acid-binding protein as predictive factors for fetal inflammatory response syndrome. " 08/01/2021 - "Amniotic fluid neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and L-type fatty acid-binding protein in predicting fetal inflammatory response syndrome." 07/01/2023 - "We aimed to analyze the predictive efficacy of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) for fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS)-related infection. " 07/01/2023 - "Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for predicting fetal inflammatory response syndrome based on histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis."
3.	CytokinesIBA 01/01/2022 - "The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is characterized by elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in fetal blood, with preterm delivery and morbidity. " 07/01/2016 - "Cytokines in noninvasively obtained amniotic fluid as predictors of fetal inflammatory response syndrome." 01/01/2016 - "A fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) was defined as an umbilical cord plasma IL-6 concentration >11 pg/mL. The umbilical cord plasma concentrations of 29 cytokines were determined with sensitive and specific V-PLEX immunoassays. " 01/01/2006 - "When microorganisms or their products gain access to the fetus they stimulate the production of cytokines and a systemic response termed FIRS (Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome). " 02/01/2005 - "This factor(s) that we have demonstrated may be responsible for the increased cytokine production seen in fetuses with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome."
4.	Interleukin-8 (Interleukin 8)IBA 04/01/2003 - "Moreover, the presence of funisitis, a histological counterpart of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, and elevated concentrations of amniotic fluid IL-6 and IL-8 were strong and independent risk factors for the subsequent development of cerebral palsy at the age of 3 years in our recent study. " 01/01/2021 - "The principal findings in our study are as follows: (1) adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred more frequently in animals receiving hyperhemolytic group B Streptococcus (80% with preterm labor, 80% with fetal inflammatory response syndrome) than in animals receiving weakly hemolytic group B Streptococcus (40% with preterm labor, 20% with fetal inflammatory response syndrome) and in controls (0% preterm labor, 0% fetal inflammatory response syndrome); (2) despite differences in the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal inflammatory response syndrome, fetal lung injury scores were similar between animals receiving the weakly hemolytic group B Streptococcus strains and animals receiving the hyperhemolytic group B Streptococcus strains; (3) fetal lung injury score was significantly correlated with peak amniotic fluid cytokines interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 but not tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 beta; and (4) fetal lung scores were poorly correlated with maternal and fetal plasma cytokine levels and placental pathology. "
5.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 11/01/2000 - "The fetal inflammatory response syndrome is associated with increased availability of the soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor alpha in fetal plasma. " 11/01/2000 - "Further observations on the fetal inflammatory response syndrome: a potential homeostatic role for the soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor alpha." 02/01/2023 - "To determine the significance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid predicting fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). " 07/01/2016 - "Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α seem to be good predictors for fetal inflammatory response syndrome and for histologic funisitis and may improve the clinical management of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. " 07/01/2016 - "To determine the predictive values of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in vaginal secretions for fetal inflammatory response syndrome and/or histologic funisitis and for adverse neonatal outcome in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. "
6.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)IBA 09/01/2013 - "The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine whether umbilical cord plasma sST2 concentration differs between preterm neonates with and without funisitis and between those with and without the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS); and (2) evaluate the relationship between sST2 and IL-10 among neonates with funisitis and/or FIRS. " 04/01/2009 - "Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, may have therapeutic potential in the fetal inflammatory response syndrome and its sequelae such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). "
7.	InterleukinsIBA 09/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between umbilical cord blood interleukin (IL)-6 concentration and preterm morbidity and mortality in premature infants born with fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). " 04/01/2017 - "To evaluate umbilical cord blood interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations and the occurrence of fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) with respect to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intraamniotic inflammation (IAI) in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). "
8.	Interleukin-1beta (Interleukin 1 beta)IBA 01/01/2021 - "The principal findings in our study are as follows: (1) adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred more frequently in animals receiving hyperhemolytic group B Streptococcus (80% with preterm labor, 80% with fetal inflammatory response syndrome) than in animals receiving weakly hemolytic group B Streptococcus (40% with preterm labor, 20% with fetal inflammatory response syndrome) and in controls (0% preterm labor, 0% fetal inflammatory response syndrome); (2) despite differences in the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal inflammatory response syndrome, fetal lung injury scores were similar between animals receiving the weakly hemolytic group B Streptococcus strains and animals receiving the hyperhemolytic group B Streptococcus strains; (3) fetal lung injury score was significantly correlated with peak amniotic fluid cytokines interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 but not tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 beta; and (4) fetal lung scores were poorly correlated with maternal and fetal plasma cytokine levels and placental pathology. "
9.	Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor)IBA 11/01/2000 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in fetuses with and without fetal inflammatory response syndrome. "
10.	Mannose (D-Mannose)IBA 09/01/2010 - "In this study, we aimed to evaluate cord blood mannose binding levels (MBL), to evaluate possible relationship between cord blood MBL levels with neonatal sepsis and culture confirmed neonatal sepsis in preterm newborn with gestational age below 34 weeks with fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2015 - "Chi-square test was used to examine the associations between PVL and several potential risk factors: maternal age, pre-pregnancy body-mass-index, preexisting diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy after in-vitro-fertilization, severe preeclampsia, vaginal delivery, no steroid therapy prior to delivery, small for gestational age, and fetal-inflammatory-response-syndrome. "
2.	Surgical Amputation (Amputations) 01/01/2021 - "Aortic thrombosis in a neonate with COVID-19-related fetal inflammatory response syndrome requiring amputation of the leg: a case report."