10 years of pediatric liver transplantation.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Pediatric liver transplantation is an accepted therapy for end-stage liver disease, but little long-term data exist.

METHODS:

From October 1984 to October 1994, 202 patients underwent a total of 225 liver transplantations. There were 98 boys and 104 girls, the average age was 5.1 +/- 4.9 (range, 0.2 to 19.1) years. Thirty (16%) were under 1 year of age. The diseases that required transplantation included biliary atresia (BA) (45%), metabolic liver disease (MLD) (9.9%), acute hepatic failure (6.9%), and Alagille's syndrome (AS) (5.4%). Originally the immunosuppression was cyclosporine- and steroid-based; the later regimens also included azathioprine and antilymphocyte preparations. All reported survival rates were derived from life-table analysis.

RESULTS:

The patient survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 76%, 70%, and 61%; the retransplantation rate was 11%. The respective graft survival rates were 71%, 63%, and 59%. There were 60 deaths; 48 (81%) occurred in the first year. These first-year deaths were from sepsis (20; 42%), central nervous system problems (5; 11%), intraoperative complications (4; 8%), lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) (2; 4%), rejection (2; 4%), primary nonfunction (2; 4%), and miscellaneous other causes (7; 15%). There were 12 deaths after the first year, from LPD (3; 25%), sepsis (1; 8%), rejection (2; 18%), cancer (1; 9%), secondary hepatic failure (1; 9%), cerebral vascular accident (1; 9%), or pre- or postoperative complications (3; 25%). Compared with the overall survival rate, patients with MLD had a better chance of survival (83%; P <.012) than did those with AS (45%; P < .001). The 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with BA were 61% and 58%. Over the past 2 years, the survival rate has increased (87% v 72%; P < .05) as early septic deaths have decreased (from 2.6 to 1.0 per year).

CONCLUSION:

Liver transplantation is effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Decreasing the number of early septic deaths has improved the chance of survival, and better diagnosis and treatment of LPD would improve the late survival rate.

• Authors: W Andrews, J Sommerauer, J Roden, J Andersen, C Conlin, P Moore
• Journal: Journal of pediatric surgery (J Pediatr Surg) Vol. 31 Issue 5 Pg. 619-24 (May 1996) ISSN: 0022-3468 [Print] United States
• PMID: 8861467 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Immunosuppressive Agents

Topics

• Adolescent
• Alagille Syndrome (mortality, surgery)
• Biliary Atresia (mortality, surgery)
• Cause of Death
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Immunosuppressive Agents (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Infant
• Life Tables
• Liver Failure (mortality, surgery)
• Liver Function Tests
• Liver Transplantation (mortality)
• Male
• Postoperative Complications (mortality)
• Reoperation
• Survival Rate