Pathogenic helper T cells as the novel therapeutic targets for immune-mediated intractable diseases.

Abstract

Allergic diseases arise from a complex interplay between immune system and environmental factors. A link between the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and type 2 immune responses has become evident, with conventional and pathogenic type 2 helper T (Th2) cells involved in both. Recently, there has been a significant development in therapeutic agents for allergic diseases: IL-5 and IL-5 receptor antagonists, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Mepolizumab, an IL-5, and Benralizumab, an IL-5 receptor antagonist, modulate eosinophilic inflammation mediated by IL-5-producing Th2 cells. Delgocitinib shows that JAK-associated signaling is essential for the inflammatory reaction in atopic dermatitis, one of the common allergic diseases. SLIT has a significant effect on allergic rhinitis by reducing pathogenic Th2 cell numbers. More recently, novel molecules that are involved in pathogenic Th2 cell-mediated allergic diseases have been identified. These include calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging machinery regulated by the Txnip-Nrf2-Blvrb axis, and myosin light chain 9 (Myl9), which interacts with CD69. This review provides an updated view of the recent research on treatment of allergic diseases and their cause: conventional and pathogenic Th2 cells.

• Authors: Atsushi Onodera, Kota Kokubo, Mikiko Okano, Miki Onoue, Masahiro Kiuchi, Chiaki Iwamura, Tomohisa Iinuma, Motoko Y Kimura, Nobuyuki Ebihara, Toyoyuki Hanazawa, Toshinori Nakayama, Kiyoshi Hirahara
• Journal: Pharmacology & therapeutics (Pharmacol Ther) Vol. 247 Pg. 108445 (Jul 2023) ISSN: 1879-016X [Electronic] England
• PMID: 37201737 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Cytokines
• Interleukin-5

Topics

• Humans
• Cytokines
• Interleukin-5 (therapeutic use)
• Hypersensitivity (drug therapy)
• Th2 Cells
• Dermatitis, Atopic