Hypoglycaemic activity of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic Wister rats.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects the body's ability to produce or use insulin. This study evaluated the hypoglycaemic activity of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) in alloxan-induced diabetic Wister rats.

METHODS:

CuO-NPs were synthesized via the green route and characterized using different analytical tools. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally using 90 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate in albino rats. Thirty (30) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each and orally treated for 21 days. Groups I and II were treated with 300 mg/kg bwt Cereus hildmannianus extract and CuO-NPs, respectively. Groups III and IV received 5 mg/kg bwt of Glibenclamide and 2 mL of normal saline, respectively, while Group V was left untreated as the diabetic control. Blood glucose (BG) levels and body weight changes were monitored at 3- and 7-day intervals, respectively, throughout 21-day treatment period. Lipid profiles, enzyme assays and histopathological studies of the liver were also carried out.

RESULTS:

Spheroidal tenorite phase of CuO-NPs with a crystallite size of 62.57 nm, surface area (20.64 m2 /g) and a UV-maximum absorption at 214.27 nm was formed. The diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg bwt CuO-NPs had the highest BG lowering ability (from 482.75 ± 27.70 to 124.50 ± 2.50 mg/dL). A significant difference (p < 0.05) in weight gain and serum enzymes was also observed in the CuO-NPs treated group compared with other groups. The CuO-NPs-treated group had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol compared with other groups.

CONCLUSION:

The green synthesized CuO-NPs nanoparticles significantly reduced (p < 0.05) blood glucose levels in rats and other associated indices and could serve as drug lead in the treatment of diabetes.

• Authors: Maimuna Bello Umar, Augustine Innalegwu Daniel, Jimoh Oladejo Tijani, Rebecca Olufemi Akinleye, Enriquay Smith, Marshall Keyster, Ashwil Klein
• Journal: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism (Endocrinol Diabetes Metab) Vol. 6 Issue 3 Pg. e423 (05 2023) ISSN: 2398-9238 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 37038362 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Hypoglycemic Agents
• cupric oxide
• cuprous oxide
• Copper
• Alloxan
• Blood Glucose
• Plant Extracts
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Oxides

Topics

• Animals
• Rats
• Hypoglycemic Agents (adverse effects)
• Copper (adverse effects)
• Alloxan (adverse effects)
• Blood Glucose
• Plant Extracts (adverse effects)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental (drug therapy)
• Rats, Wistar
• Nanoparticles
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Body Weight
• Oxides (adverse effects)