Approximately 2.3 million people are suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)
co-infection worldwide. Faster
disease progression and increased mortality rates during the HIV/HCV
co-infection have become global health concerns. Effective
therapeutics against
co-infection and complete
infection eradication has become a mandatory requirement. The study of small non-coding RNAs in cellular processes and
viral infection has so far been beneficial in various terms. Currently,
microRNAs are an influential candidate for disease diagnosis and treatment. Dysregulation in
miRNA expression can lead to unfavorable outcomes; hence, this exact inevitable nature has made various studies a focal point. A considerable improvement in comprehending HIV and HCV mono-
infection pathogenesis is seen using
miRNAs. The prominent reason behind HIV/HCV
co-infection is seen to be their standard route of transmission, while some pieces of evidence also suspect viral interplay between having a role in increased
viral infection. This review highlights the involvement of
microRNAs in HIV/HCV
co-infection, along with their contribution in HIV mono- and HCV mono-
infection. We also discuss
miRNAs that carry the potentiality of becoming a
biomarker for
viral infection and early
disease progression.