Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of
cancer-related death, and it is difficult to study the whole process of
tumor metastasis in vivo due to the complex physiological environment in the body. Therefore, it's crucial to develop simple and physiologically relevant in vitro
cancer models to study the
metastasis process, especially different phases of
tumor metastasis. A novel microfluidic
tumor-vessel co-culture system was established to reproduce the different phases of
cancer metastasis (proliferation, migration, intravasation and adherence) individually in vitro for the first time. It was observed that blood vessels with fluid flow had big impact on
metastasis of
liver cancer cells HepG2 and breast ones MDA-MB-231. In particular, it was found that both HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells migrated in the direction of "blood flow". Furthermore, MDA-MB-231 cells invaded through paracellular mode disrupting the intercellular endothelial junctions, whereas HepG2 cells engaged in transcellular intravasation through transcellular process. Compared with traditional assays, much more potent inhibition of
5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on different phases of
tumor metastasis was observed on the microsystem. In summary, the
microfluidic device yielded abundant information about each phase of
tumor metastasis, and would provide a powerful platform for use in drug screening, toxicology studies, and
personalized medicine in future.