Vaccine effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against COVID-19 in a socially vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a test-negative design study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To estimate vaccine effectiveness after the first and second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against symptomatic COVID-19 and infection in a socially vulnerable community in Brazil when Gamma and Delta were the predominant variants circulating.

METHODS:

We conducted a test-negative study in the community Complexo da Maré, the largest group of slums (n = 16) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January 17, 2021 to November 27, 2021. We selected RT-qPCR positive and negative tests from a broad community testing program. The primary outcome was symptomatic COVID-19 (positive RT-qPCR test with at least one symptom) and the secondary outcome was infection (any positive RT-qPCR test). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 1 - OR, which was obtained from adjusted logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

We included 10 077 RT-qPCR tests (6,394, 64% from symptomatic and 3,683, 36% from asymptomatic individuals). The mean age was 40 (SD: 14) years, and the median time between vaccination and RT-qPCR testing among vaccinated was 41 (25-75 percentile: 21-62) days for the first dose and 36 (25-75 percentile: 17-59) days for the second dose. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was 31.6% (95% CI, 12.0-46.8) 21 days after the first dose and 65.1% (95% CI, 40.9-79.4) 14 days after the second dose. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection was 31.0% (95% CI, 12.7-45.5) 21 days after the first dose and 59.0% (95% CI, 33.1-74.8) 14 days after the second dose.

DISCUSSION:

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was effective in reducing symptomatic COVID-19 in a socially vulnerable community in Brazil when Gamma and Delta were the predominant variants circulating.

• Authors: Otavio T Ranzani, Amanda A B Silva, Igor T Peres, Bianca B P Antunes, Thiago W Gonzaga-da-Silva, Daniel R Soranz, José Cerbino-Neto, Silvio Hamacher, Fernando A Bozza
• Journal: Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Clin Microbiol Infect) Vol. 28 Issue 5 Pg. 736.e1-736.e4 (May 2022) ISSN: 1469-0691 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 35150884 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• COVID-19 Vaccines
• ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
• BNT162 Vaccine

Topics

• Adult
• BNT162 Vaccine
• Brazil (epidemiology)
• COVID-19 (diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention & control)
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
• Humans
• SARS-CoV-2 (genetics)
• Vaccine Efficacy