Monoclonal Antibodies and their Target Specificity Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Perspectives and Challenges.

Abstract

The world continues to be in the midst of a distressing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus with multiple antigenic systems. The virus enters via nasopharynx, oral and infects cells by the expression of the spike protein, and enters the lungs using the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor. The spectrum of specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is increasingly challenging as frequent mutations have been reported and their antigen specificity varies accordingly. The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will have a more significant advantage in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity. Recently, mAbs have been developed to target included specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use of the therapeutic index of mAbs that can elicit neutralization by binding to the viral spike protein and suppress the cytokine network is a classic therapeutic approach for a potential cure. The development of mAbs against B-cell function as well as inhibition of the cytokine network has also been a focus in recent research. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mAbs as antibody cocktail preparations against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Target specific therapeutic accomplishment with mAbs, a milestone in the modern therapeutic age, can be used to achieve a specific therapeutic strategy to suppress SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the cytokine network and antibody formation to better understand the development of mAbs against SARS- CoV-2 infection along with recent patents.

• Authors: Mohammed A Bakkari, Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni, Muhammad Hadi Sultan, Osama A Madkhali
• Journal: Recent patents on biotechnology (Recent Pat Biotechnol) Vol. 16 Issue 1 Pg. 64-78 ( 2022) ISSN: 2212-4012 [Electronic] United Arab Emirates
• PMID: 34994337 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected].

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Monoclonal
• Antibodies, Viral
• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
• Cytokines
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Topics

• Antibodies, Monoclonal (chemistry, therapeutic use)
• Antibodies, Viral (therapeutic use)
• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
• Cytokines
• Humans
• Patents as Topic
• SARS-CoV-2
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (chemistry, genetics)
• COVID-19 Drug Treatment