Angiogenesis plays an important role during
tumor growth and
metastasis. We could previously show that Type I
interferon (IFN)-deficient
tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) show strong pro-angiogenic activity, and stimulate
tumor angiogenesis and growth. However, the exact mechanism responsible for their pro-angiogenic shift is not clear. Here, we set out to delineate the molecular mechanism and factors regulating pro-angiogenic properties of neutrophils in the context of Type I IFN availability. We demonstrate that neutrophils from IFN-deficient (Ifnar1-/- ) mice efficiently release pro-angiogenic factors, such as
VEGF, MMP9 or BV8, and thus significantly support the vascular normalization of
tumors by increasing the maturation of perivascular cells. Mechanistically, we could show here that the expression of pro-angiogenic factors in neutrophils is controlled by the
transcription factor forkhead box
protein O3a (FOXO3a), which activity depends on its post-translational modifications, such as deacetylation or phosphorylation. In TANs isolated from Ifnar1-/- mice, we observe significantly elevated
SIRT1, resulting in SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FOXO3a, its nuclear retention and activation. Activated FOXO3a supports in turn the transcription of pro-angiogenic genes in TANs. In the absence of
SIRT1, or after its inhibition in neutrophils, elevated
kinase MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT activity is observed, leading to FOXO3a phosphorylation, cytoplasmic transfer and inactivation. In summary, we have found that FOXO3a is a key
transcription factor controlling the angiogenic switch of neutrophils. Post-translational FOXO3a modifications regulate its transcriptional activity and, as a result, the expression of pro-angiogenic factors supporting development of vascular network in growing
tumors. Therefore, targeting FOXO3a activity could provide a novel strategy of antiangiogenic targeted
therapy for
cancer.