Gefitinib has shown good efficacy in treating recurrent or advanced
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the drug resistance remains a clinical challenge in medical oncology. In addition, the complex interaction between
tumor cells and heterogeneous stromal cells in the adjacent tumor microenvironment (TME) is also an important contributor to drug resistance. So, it is very necessary to detect the related target genes before and after
gefitinib treatment dynamically. In this study, the relationship between Trop2 and
gefitinib resistance in NSCLC was investigated, and the underlying mechanism was explored. Results showed that Trop2 was associated with EGFR gene mutation and drug resistance in clinical tissues. Trop2 was confirmed to induce
gefitinib resistance in NSCLC, and Trop2 binding IGF2R promoted the IGF2-IGF1R-Akt axis to enhance
gefitinib resistance and remodeling the TME in NSCLC. Notably, silencing of Trop2 in
cancer cells combined with IGF1R inhibitor significantly decreased the proliferation of
tumor cells and reshaped the NSCLC TME in vivo and in vitro, including the recruitment of macrophages. These findings deepened the understanding of the function of Trop2 and the involved mechanisms of
gefitinib resistance, and may provide new molecular targets for NSCLC with
gefitinib resistance.