An effective response to the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will involve a range of complementary preventive modalities. The current studies were conducted to evaluate the in vitro SARS-CoV-2
antiviral and virucidal (irreversible) activity of
astodrimer sodium, a
dendrimer with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against enveloped viruses in in vitro and in vivo models, that is marketed for
antiviral and antibacterial applications. We report that
astodrimer sodium inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells, with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) for i) reducing virus-induced cytopathic effect of 0.002-0.012 mg/mL in Vero E6 cells, and ii) infectious virus release by plaque assay of 0.019-0.032 mg/mL in Vero E6 cells and 0.030-0.037 mg/mL in Calu-3 cells. The selectivity index (SI) in these assays was as high as 2197.
Astodrimer sodium was also virucidal, irreversibly reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by >99.9% (>3 log10) within 1 min of exposure, and up to >99.999% (>5 log10) shown at
astodrimer sodium concentrations of 10-30 mg/mL in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cell lines.
Astodrimer sodium also inhibited
infection in a primary human airway epithelial cell line. The data were similar for all investigations and were consistent with the potent
antiviral and virucidal activity of
astodrimer sodium being due to irreversible inhibition of virus-host cell interactions, as previously demonstrated for other viruses. Further studies will confirm if
astodrimer sodium binds to SARS-CoV-2 spike
protein and physically blocks initial attachment of the virus to the host cell. Given the in vitro effectiveness and significantly high SI,
astodrimer sodium warrants further investigation for potential as a topically administered agent for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic applications.