The pharmacotherapeutic management of hyperkalemia in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are at increased risk of hyperkalemia, particularly when treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors (RAASIs). Because the occurrence or fear of hyperkalemia, RAASIs are frequently down-titrated or discontinued in patients with CVD, with consequent worse outcomes than patients who remain on maximum doses.Areas covered: This article reviews potassium homeostasis, epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of hyperkalemia, and efficacy and safety of the drugs used for acute and chronic treatment of hyperkalemia. A literature search was carried out using the PubMed and guidelines for the management of hyperkalemia.Expert opinion: The emergency treatment of hyperkalemia is not supported by high-quality evidence and clinical trials did not report drug effects on clinical outcomes. Two potassium binders, patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, represent a new approach in the treatment of chronic hyperkalemia as they may allow the titration and maintenance of guidelines-recommended doses of RAASIs in patients with CVD who otherwise would not tolerate them due to the risk of hyperkalemia.Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug therapy and support the development of guidelines for acute and chronic hyperkalemia.

• Authors: Juan Tamargo, Ricardo Caballero, Eva Delpón
• Journal: Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy (Expert Opin Pharmacother) Vol. 22 Issue 10 Pg. 1319-1341 (Jul 2021) ISSN: 1744-7666 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 33620275 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
• Potassium

Topics

• Cardiovascular Diseases (complications, drug therapy)
• Humans
• Hyperkalemia (drug therapy)
• Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
• Potassium
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (complications, drug therapy)
• Renin-Angiotensin System