Background: Some children with
chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop
hypertension faster than others. This may be attributable to endothelial dysfunction, among other reasons.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), that is,
acetate,
butyrate, and
propionate, are known for reducing cardiovascular risks via preserving endothelial function. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in plasma SCFA concentrations and in cardiovascular and endothelial parameters in children with CKD. Methods: In total, 105 children and adolescents who met the CKD criteria were enrolled in this study, and 65 patients aged >6 years were divided into two groups based on the ambulatory BP measurements. The parameters of plasma SCFAs, endothelial function and morphology, and echocardiography were examined at the index visit and followed up after 1 year. Results: We observed that 27.69% of 65 patients developed
hypertension during the study period. Plasma
acetate increased by 22.75 μM in the stable group (P < 0.001), whereas there was no change in the worsened BP group. The index higher plasma
butyrate was positively correlated with worsened BP (adjusted odd ratio, 1.381; P = 0.013). At the follow-up, plasma
butyrate decreased by 2.12 and 4.41 μM in the stable and worsened BP groups, respectively (P < 0.001). In 105 subjects, higher index plasma
propionate was positively correlated with decreasing ejection fraction (adjusted odd ratio, 1.281; P = 0.046). Conclusions: Plasma
acetate seemed to play a role in preventing
hypertension in children with CKD. However, the index plasma
propionate and
butyrate concentrations seemed to imply the development of cardiovascular problems in our 1-year study.