Background and Objectives:
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental condition with a lifetime prevalence estimated around 2% among the general population. Due to risk factors, etiological mechanisms, and the chronic use of psychotropic medications, people with BD are frequently affected by medical comorbidities, such as
metabolic syndrome (MetS), associated with altered blood levels of
glucose,
cholesterol, and
triglycerides. Moreover, the
lipid concentration may be associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and forty-two in- and outpatients (418 affected by BD and 124 affected by
schizophrenia) were recruited in two Italian university hospitals. A blood examination assessing the fasting
glucose, total
cholesterol,
high-density lipoprotein (
HDL) cholesterol,
low-density lipoprotein (
LDL) cholesterol, and
triglycerides was performed. Results: No significant differences were found in the
lipid and glycemic profiles between patients with BD and
schizophrenia. When considering only the BD sample, we found that patients experiencing a
manic episode had significantly lower total
cholesterol, HDL, and
LDL than euthymic patients. Moreover, the total and
LDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in (hypo)manic than depressed patients. Mood episodes did not influence the
triglyceride and
glucose levels in our sample. Conclusions: Clinicians should pay attention to blood
cholesterol levels in patients with BD, as differences in concentrations may predispose them to severe medical conditions and can be associated with the onset of mood episodes.