Short-Term Effects of Appropriate Empirical Antimicrobial Treatment with Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in a Swine Model of Nosocomial Pneumonia.

Abstract

The rising frequency of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) pathogens is making more frequent the inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy (IEAT) in nosocomial pneumonia, which is associated with increased mortality. We aim to determine the short-term benefits of appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment (AEAT) with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) compared with IEAT with piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Twenty-one pigs with pneumonia caused by an XDR P. aeruginosa strain (susceptible to C/T but resistant to TZP) were ventilated for up to 72 h. Twenty-four hours after bacterial challenge, animals were randomized to receive 2-day treatment with either intravenous saline (untreated) or 25 to 50 mg of C/T per kg body weight (AEAT) or 200 to 225 mg of TZP per kg (IEAT) every 8 h. The primary outcome was the P. aeruginosa burden in lung tissue and the histopathology injury. P. aeruginosa burden in tracheal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, the development of antibiotic resistance, and inflammatory markers were secondary outcomes. Overall, P. aeruginosa lung burden was 5.30 (range, 4.00 to 6.30), 4.04 (3.64 to 4.51), and 4.04 (3.05 to 4.88) log10CFU/g in the untreated, AEAT, and IEAT groups, respectively (P = 0.299), without histopathological differences (P = 0.556). In contrast, in tracheal secretions (P < 0.001) and BAL fluid (P = 0.002), bactericidal efficacy was higher in the AEAT group. An increased MIC to TZP was found in 3 animals, while resistance to C/T did not develop. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was significantly downregulated by AEAT in comparison to other groups (P = 0.031). In a mechanically ventilated swine model of XDR P. aeruginosa pneumonia, appropriate initial treatment with C/T decreased respiratory secretions' bacterial burden, prevented development of resistance, achieved the pharmacodynamic target, and may have reduced systemic inflammation. However, after only 2 days of treatment, P. aeruginosa tissue concentrations were moderately affected.

• Authors: Ana Motos, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Francesco Pagliara, Laia Fernandez-Barat, Hua Yang, Eli Aguilera Xiol, Tarek Senussi, Francesco A Idone, Chiara Travierso, Chiara Chiurazzi, Rosanel Amaro, Minlan Yang, Joaquim Bobi, Montserrat Rigol, David P Nicolau, Gerard Frigola, Roberto Cabrera, Jose Ramirez, Paolo Pelosi, Francesco Blasi, Massimo Antonelli, Antonio Artigas, Jordi Vila, Marin Kollef, Antoni Torres
• Journal: Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (Antimicrob Agents Chemother) Vol. 65 Issue 2 (01 20 2021) ISSN: 1098-6596 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33168605 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology.

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Anti-Infective Agents
• Cephalosporins
• ceftolozane
• Penicillanic Acid
• Tazobactam

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Anti-Infective Agents (pharmacology)
• Cephalosporins (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Cross Infection (drug therapy)
• Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
• Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests
• Penicillanic Acid (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Pseudomonas Infections (drug therapy)
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Swine
• Tazobactam (pharmacology, therapeutic use)