Efforts directed toward restoring normal metabolic levels by mimicking the physiological insulin secretion, thereby ensuring safety, efficacy, minimal invasiveness and conveniences, are of great significance in the management of
type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents. Regardless of the various technologies being discovered in addressing invasiveness and enhancing medication adherence in the management of
type 1 diabetes, yet limited success had been observed among children and adolescents. The multiple daily subcutaneous
insulin injections route using vial and syringe, and occasionally
insulin pens, remain the most predictable route for
insulin administration among children and adolescents. However, this route has been associated with compromised patient compliance,
fear of injections and unacceptability, resulting in poor
glycemic control, which promote the demand for alternative routes of
insulin administration. Alternative routes for delivering
insulin are being investigated in children and adolescents with
type 1 diabetes; these include the hybrid closed-loop '
artificial pancreas' system, oral, inhalation, intranasal routes, and others. This review article explores the current advances in
insulin-delivery methods that address the needs of children and adolescents in the treatment of
type 1 diabetes.