Pulmonary drug delivery system is increasingly gaining popularity for several
lung diseases including
tuberculosis(TB) due to its ability to attain high
drug concentrations at the site of
infection and to minimize systemic toxicity. In TB
therapy, the efficacy of the
antibiotics decreases and bacteria becomes resistant in course of time due to the formation of several barriers like lung-mucus and biofilms around the microorganism. The conventional inhalable microparticles(MP) are majorly trapped in dense
mucin mess network and quickly cleared by mucocilliary clearance. In this study, we determined whether the anti-TB activity of
drug-loaded inhalable polymeric microparticles could be synergized with the mucus-penetrating and biofilm disrupting properties. Mucus-penetrating-microparticles(NAC/PLGA-MPP) were developed combining the benefits of anti-TB
drug with host defence
peptides(HDP).
IDR-1018 peptide was encapsulated with/without an anti-TB
drug in N-acetyl
cysteine(NAC) decorated porous PLGA
microspheres. Aerodynamic parameters(MMAD-3.79 ± 1.04 μm, FPF-52.9 ± 5.11%) were optimized for the finest deposition and targeting inside the lungs. The multiple-tracking-technique(MPT) results indicate that the coating of NAC on porous PLGA-MS dramatically increased (4.1fold) the particle transit through the mucus barrier. Designed inhalable NAC/PLGA-MPP do not adhere to lung mucus, disrupt the bacterial biofilm and provide uniform
drug delivery to lungs after pulmonary delivery. The formulation was evaluated for activity against M.tb in macrophage cultures and in mice model infected with a low-dose bacterial (~100 CFU)
aerosol. The inhalation of NAC/PLGA-MPP encapsulated with
IDR-1018 significantly reduced (p < .05) bacterial load (up to ~3.02LogCFU/ml) and
inflammation in lungs in a mouse model of TB compared to untreated and blank treated animals in 6 weeks of daily dose. The histopathological results validate the compelling chemotherapeutic outcome of inhaled formulations. This data supports the harnessing potential of mucus penetrating inhalable drug delivery systems as a vehicle for targeted lung delivery. This "value-added" inhalable formulation could be beneficial for resistant TB
therapeutics when used as an "adjunct" to existing DOTS (Directly observed treatment, short-course)
therapy.