Incidence and prevalence of vaccine preventable infections in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD): a systemic literature review informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with AIIRD.

Abstract

Objectives:

The aims of this study were to update the evidence on the incidence and prevalence rates of vaccine preventable infections (VPI) in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) and compare the data to the general population when available.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase and Cochrane library (October 2009 to August 2018). The primary outcome was the incidence or prevalence of VPI in the adult AIIRD population. Meta-analysis was performed when appropriate.

Results:

Sixty-three publications out of 3876 identified records met the inclusion criteria: influenza (n=4), pneumococcal disease (n=7), hepatitis B (n=10), herpes zoster (HZ) (n=29), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (n=13). An increased incidence of influenza and pneumococcal disease was reported in patients with AIIRD. HZ infection-pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 2.9 (95% CI 2.4 to 3.3) in patients with AIIRD versus general population. Among AIIRD, inflammatory myositis conferred the highest incidence rate (IR) of HZ (pooled IRR 5.1, 95% CI 4.3 to 5.9), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (pooled IRR 4.0, 95% CI 2.3 to 5.7) and rheumatoid arthritis (pooled IRR 2.3, 95% CI 2.1 to 2.6). HPV infection-pooled prevalence ratio was 1.6, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.4 versus general population, based on studies mainly conducted in the SLE population in Latin America and Asia. Pooled prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody in patients with AIIRD was similar to the general population, 3%, 95% CI 1% to 5% and 15%, 95% CI 7% to 26%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Current evidence shows an increased risk of VPI in patients with AIIRD, emphasising that prevention of infections is essential in these patients.

• Authors: Victoria Furer, Christien Rondaan, Marloes Heijstek, Sander van Assen, Marc Bijl, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Ferdinand C Breedveld, Raffaele D'Amelio, Maxime Dougados, Meliha Crnkic Kapetanovic, Jacob M van Laar, Annette Ladefoged de Thurah, Robert Landewé, Anna Molto, Ulf Müller-Ladner, Karen Schreiber, Leo Smolar, Jim Walker, Klaus Warnatz, Nico M Wulffraat, Ori Elkayam
• Journal: RMD open (RMD Open) Vol. 5 Issue 2 Pg. e001041 ( 2019) ISSN: 2056-5933 [Print] England
• PMID: 31673420 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Chemical References

• Vaccines

Topics

• Autoimmune Diseases (complications, drug therapy, epidemiology)
• Communicable Disease Control
• Communicable Diseases (epidemiology, etiology)
• Female
• Humans
• Incidence
• Odds Ratio
• Prevalence
• Rheumatic Diseases (complications, drug therapy, epidemiology)
• Vaccination
• Vaccines (immunology)