Infect and Inject: How Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Its Major Virulence-Associated Type VII Secretion System, ESX-1.

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an ancient master of the art of causing human disease. One important weapon within its fully loaded arsenal is the type VII secretion system. M. tuberculosis has five of them: ESAT-6 secretion systems (ESX) 1 to 5. ESX-1 has long been recognized as a major cause of attenuation of the FDA-licensed vaccine Mycobacterium bovis BCG, but its importance in disease progression and transmission has recently been elucidated in more detail. This review summarizes the recent advances in (i) the understanding of the ESX-1 structure and components, (ii) our knowledge of ESX-1's role in hijacking macrophage function to set a path for infection and dissemination, and (iii) the development of interventions that utilize ESX-1 for diagnosis, drug interventions, host-directed therapies, and vaccines.

• Authors: Sangeeta Tiwari, Rosalyn Casey, Celia W Goulding, Suzie Hingley-Wilson, William R Jacobs Jr
• Journal: Microbiology spectrum (Microbiol Spectr) Vol. 7 Issue 3 (05 2019) ISSN: 2165-0497 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31172908 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Review)

Chemical References

• Antigens, Bacterial
• BCG Vaccine
• Bacterial Proteins
• Bacterial Secretion Systems
• Chemokines
• ESAT-6 antigen, Mycobacterium leprae
• ESAT-6 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Type VII Secretion Systems
• Vaccines

Topics

• Antigens, Bacterial (immunology)
• BCG Vaccine (immunology)
• Bacterial Proteins (immunology)
• Bacterial Secretion Systems (metabolism)
• Chemokines
• Host-Pathogen Interactions
• Humans
• Macrophages (immunology)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (immunology, metabolism, pathogenicity)
• Necrosis
• Phagosomes
• Tuberculosis (diagnosis, drug therapy, immunology, prevention & control)
• Type VII Secretion Systems (immunology, metabolism)
• Vaccines
• Virulence