Modeling of Aniridia-Related Keratopathy by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Human Limbal Epithelial Cells and Rescue by Recombinant PAX6 Protein.

Abstract

Heterozygous PAX6 gene mutations leading to haploinsufficiency are the main cause of congenital aniridia, a rare and progressive panocular disease characterized by reduced visual acuity. Up to 90% of patients suffer from aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK), caused by a combination of factors including limbal epithelial stem cell (LSC) deficiency, impaired healing response and abnormal differentiation of the corneal epithelium. It usually begins in the first decade of life, resulting in recurrent corneal erosions, sub-epithelial fibrosis, and corneal opacification. Unfortunately, there are currently no efficient treatments available for these patients and no in vitro model for this pathology. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce into the PAX6 gene of LSCs a heterozygous nonsense mutation found in ARK patients. Nine clones carrying a p.E109X mutation on one allele were obtained with no off-target mutations. Compared with the parental LSCs, heterozygous mutant LSCs displayed reduced expression of PAX6 and marked slow-down of cell proliferation, migration and detachment. Moreover, addition to the culture medium of recombinant PAX6 protein fused to a cell penetrating peptide was able to activate the endogenous PAX6 gene and to rescue phenotypic defects of mutant LSCs, suggesting that administration of such recombinant PAX6 protein could be a promising therapeutic approach for aniridia-related keratopathy. More generally, our results demonstrate that introduction of disease mutations into LSCs by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing allows the creation of relevant cellular models of ocular disease that should greatly facilitate screening of novel therapeutic approaches. Stem Cells 2018;36:1421-1429.

• Authors: Lauriane N Roux, Isabelle Petit, Romain Domart, Jean-Paul Concordet, Jieqiong Qu, Huiqing Zhou, Alain Joliot, Olivier Ferrigno, Daniel Aberdam
• Journal: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) (Stem Cells) Vol. 36 Issue 9 Pg. 1421-1429 (09 2018) ISSN: 1549-4918 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 29808941 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2018 The Authors Stem Cells published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of AlphaMed Press 2018.

Chemical References

• PAX6 Transcription Factor

Topics

• Aniridia (genetics, pathology)
• CRISPR-Cas Systems (physiology)
• Epithelium, Corneal (metabolism)
• Gene Editing (methods)
• Humans
• PAX6 Transcription Factor (genetics)