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Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

Also Known As:

Cirrhosis; Fibroses

Networked: 40162 relevant articles (1988 outcomes, 4185 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

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Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Pathologic Processes: 3289
  - Fibrosis: 40162

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
3.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma)
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Liver Cirrhosis (Hepatic Cirrhosis)

Experts

1.	Poynard, Thierry: 39 articles (11/2012 - 02/2002)
2.	Arroyo, Vicente: 31 articles (12/2012 - 01/2002)
3.	Lee, Shou-Dong: 27 articles (07/2012 - 01/2002)
4.	Brenner, David A: 26 articles (12/2012 - 01/2003)
5.	Varga, John: 25 articles (01/2013 - 04/2002)
6.	Lin, Han-Chieh: 25 articles (12/2012 - 01/2002)
7.	Leask, Andrew: 25 articles (03/2012 - 04/2002)
8.	Ginès, Pere: 24 articles (12/2012 - 03/2002)
9.	Watanabe, Kenichi: 24 articles (10/2012 - 01/2003)
10.	Kodama, Makoto: 24 articles (09/2012 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Fibrosis:

1.	CollagenIBA 04/03/2012 - "Compared with the group B, the pathological stages of hepatic fibrosis in group D and E were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), the expression of collagen were decreased, ultrastructural alterations were markedly improved. " 04/01/2009 - "More importantly, these changes in gene expression were associated with marked attenuation of lung fibrosis, including decreased collagen deposition and improved lung function and survival. " 01/01/1999 - "Finally, the observation that culture of RPT cells on a reconstituted basement membrane preparation results in a significant reduction in total collagen production and alterations in the molecular forms of type IV and type I molecules synthesized indicates that integrity of the tubular basement membrane may represent an important component in preventing the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis." 04/01/2012 - "The collagen deposition and myocardium fibrosis, the disorganized sarcomeres and mitochondrial abnormalities relieved significantly. " 01/01/2011 - "Significant reduction of fibrosis was demonstrated in the treated group by quantitative Sirius Red staining and lower muscle collagen content. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	InterferonsIBA 02/01/2012 - "Paired liver biopsies and blood tests were available for 101 patients, and there was a significant improvement in Metavir activity and a significant increase in blood tests reflecting fibrosis quantity in patients treated with interferon when compared with controls - all per cent changes in histological fibrosis measures were significantly increased in F1 vs F2-4 stages only in the interferon group. " 01/01/2011 - "Among patients treated with Interferon-based therapy, those with sustained viral response showed a significant reduction of progression to cirrhosis and development of HCC. " 01/01/1999 - "This overview provides evidence that interferon in patients who have not cleared hepatitis C virus (HCV) significantly reduces viral load, serum ALT activity, improves histological activity and blocks progression of fibrosis compared to the natural history of the disease. " 05/01/2012 - "In a pilot study, we have investigated the efficacy of an escalating dose of pegylated interferon α-2a (PEG-IFN2a) as compared with standard clinical care in patients with more advanced HCV Child's A or B cirrhosis without a lead-in phase. " 10/01/2004 - "In contrast, protection against hepatic fibrosis is dependent on interferon (IFN)-gamma and is controlled by a major genetic locus that is located on 6q23, near the gene encoding the IFN-gamma receptor beta chain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "Concomitantly, we observed a clear decrease in neutrophil infiltration and a significant reduction in the severity of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice treated with placenta-derived cells, irrespective of the source (allogeneic or xenogeneic) or delivery route. " 02/01/2005 - "The therapeutic efficacy of the bleomycins is limited by development of lung fibrosis. " 08/15/1989 - "Bleomycin (BLEO), an antitumor antibiotic effective against a variety of malignancies, has been associated classically with a pulmonary toxic reaction producing diffuse interstitial fibrosis. " 02/01/2012 - "To investigate the effects of essential oil of Citrus reticulata (EOCR) on proliferation of human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs), and to explore its protective effects on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. " 04/01/2007 - "LLDT-8 showed protective effects against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, and the results suggested the potential role of LLDT-8 in the treatment of this disease." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)IBA 12/01/1993 - "The density of the antimacrophage (M phi) antibody positive cells in the muscular layers was apparently greater in the remarkable fibrosis group than in the unremarkable fibrosis group, and the density of the anti-TGF-beta antibody positive cells in the remarkable fibrosis group was significantly greater than in the unremarkable fibrosis group. " 02/01/2006 - "While high levels of TGF-beta appeared to be associated with protection against fibrosis, the strength of the association was low." 05/01/1988 - "These findings suggest that TGF-beta secreted in an inflammatory site may be beneficial in diminishing lymphocyte function while promoting fibrosis and tissue repair. " 06/01/2009 - "EMT antagonists, TGF-beta signal modulator, and HIF-1alpha inhibitor could be useful for the treatment of fibrosis." 04/01/2003 - "Because TGF-beta is central to the progression of fibrosis, selective inhibition of this signaling pathway could provide a novel treatment in many fibrotic diseases. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Lamivudine (3TC)FDA Link 12/01/2002 - "Although several clinical trials have suggested that lamivudine treatment can be very effective in patients with decompensated HBV-associated cirrhosis, its role and clinical efficacy are still uncertain because of the study designs. " 04/01/2007 - "It has been statistically proven that the efficacy of lamivudine therapy correlates with degree of fibrosis and higher histological activity index values. " 09/01/2003 - "Significant improvement in liver histology, both necroinflammation and fibrosis, can be obtained in the majority of patients treated with lamivudine for one year." 01/01/2003 - "One-year of Lamivudine treatment significantly improved necroinflammation and reduced the progression of fibrosis and the histologic activity index. " 07/01/2000 - "One-year lamivudine therapy significantly suppressed hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, improved hepatic necroinflammatory activity, and prevented progression of fibrosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Ribavirin (Virazole)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2006 - "Thus, (1) patients with genotypes 2 and 3 and severe fibrosis can be treated with low dose of Peg-IFN and ribavirin, (2) this study suggests that patients with genotypes 1, 4 and 5 and high viraemia could receive a standard dose of Peg-IFN associated with ribavirin for 48 weeks, (3) side effects limit the efficacy of the treatment with standard dose of Peg-IFN in patients with genotypes 1, 4 and 5 and low viraemia, (4) more studies are needed for patients with genotype 2 or 3 to define the optimal duration (24 or 48 weeks) in patients with severe fibrosis." 04/24/2010 - "Relapse risk increased in patients with cirrhosis, in those with ribavirin dose reductions and in late responders: more than 65% of patients who cleared the virus between weeks 12 and 24 relapsed following 48 weeks of treatment compared with 10% of those attaining a complete EVR (<15 IU/ml) at treatment week 12 (risk ratio 6.4, 95% confidence interval 2.9-14.4). " 01/01/2008 - "Pegylated interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin: an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment regimen for patients with hepatitis C virus related histologically proven cirrhosis." 04/01/2000 - "Although current evidence suggests that the combination of ribavirin and IFN-alpha might be more efficacious than IFN alone in increasing the response rate in patients in the advanced fibrotic stage, the efficacy of this regimen for patients with well-compensated HCV-related cirrhosis is still unknown and prospective well-designed studies are urgently needed. " 03/01/2005 - "A recent clinical trial of peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin in African American patients resulted in a higher SVR rate, 26%, than observed previously, and 90% of patients showed stabilization or improvement in fibrosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF beta 1)IBA 09/01/2010 - "Short-term blockade of TGF-beta1 function after radiation markedly decreased tissue fibrosis and significantly improved lymphatic function but did not alter LEC apoptosis. " 10/01/2007 - "Significant reduction of fibrosis and TGF-beta1 expression was found in the muscles of the scid/mdx mice. " 06/01/2006 - "Significantly greater fibrosis and TGF-beta1 expression were found in mdx from the 6th week. " 08/01/2002 - "It also improved significantly histological changes of fibrosis and decreased the expression of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1 in liver of these rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). " 04/01/1999 - "The neutralization of TGF-beta1 has been beneficial in the reduction of fibrosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Hepatitis B e AntigensIBA 07/01/2003 - "Multivariate analysis showed that difference in HBV genotype influenced significantly either the clearance of HBeAg or the development of cirrhosis. " 09/01/2007 - "The rate of fibrosis progression was lower in patients with sustained disease remission than in those who remained HBeAg positive (median 0 fibrosis units/year, range -2.00 to -0.70 fibrosis units/year, versus median 0.51 fibrosis units/year, range 0 to +2.03 fibrosis units/year, P = 0.02). " 07/01/2003 - "In conclusion, HBeAg was cleared from sera more frequently and earlier in patients with genotype B compared with those with genotype C, and development of cirrhosis occurred less frequently in patients with genotype B compared with those with genotype C. " 02/01/2010 - "Neucleot(s)ide analogues are effective in suppressing HBV replication in patients with HBeAg-negative cirrhosis, but the impact of which on the mortality and complications of cirrhosis should be prolongly observed. " 08/01/2007 - "CONCLUSION: PEG-IFN is effective and safe for HBeAg-positive patients with advanced fibrosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 09/01/2011 - "ABMi for patients with ALC helps improve liver function parameters in comparison with observation during abstinence and ameliorates the degree of fibrosis in terms of serum markers and bone marrow activation in most cases." 08/01/2012 - "Our study suggests that serum biomarkers may help to diagnose significant fibrosis but inadequate to detect fibrosis in early stages. " 10/01/2011 - "Despite the rapid progress in recent years, there remain questions about how diagnostic studies are designed, statistical methods to account for spectrum bias, clinically relevant thresholds of fibrosis that should be delineated, how diagnostics can be improved, and strengthening the reference test to judge emerging biomarkers. " 04/01/2011 - "The Clinical Score (CS) model using only routine clinical data and the Biomarker Score (BS) model using 7 putative biomarkers were derived from the derivation set (n=105), and these models were applied to a separate patients group (n=104) to investigate whether the addition of BS improved the diagnostic accuracy in predicting significant fibrosis beyond an assessment based solely on CS. " 12/01/2007 - "However, the efficacy of using direct and indirect serum markers to predict significant fibrosis in clinical practice is inconclusive. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 10/01/2008 - "Moreover, it dramatically reduced hepatic inflammatory changes and fibrosis concomitantly with marked reductions in the mRNA levels for inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and profibrogenic genes. " 08/01/2008 - "In acute study using a single drug injection, we observed a rapid transient increase of ALT and mRNA levels of KLF5 followed by increases in fibrosis-related genes. " 12/01/2005 - "We used real-time quantitative RT PCR to study the messenger RNA expression of 240 selected genes in 2 pools of liver specimens according to the stages of fibrosis (Metavir score; mild fibrosis = F1 and septal fibrosis = F2). " 01/01/2002 - "The purpose of the present study was to assess the correlation that likely exists among increased portal pressure (Pp), portal blood flow quantity (Qp) and ETA and ETB receptor mRNA expression in human cirrhosis. " 01/01/2000 - "PDGF-B mRNA increase up to day 15, marking the onset of fibrosis, and decreases thereafter, whereas the expression of the PDGF-Rbeta mRNA remains elevated more than threefold over the entire study period. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation 01/01/2010 - "Liver transplantation is the best treatment for HCC; it improves survival, cures cirrhosis, and abolishes local recurrence. " 01/01/2007 - "Liver transplantation provides the best cure for both the HCC and the underlying cirrhosis. " 07/01/2005 - "Percutaneous ablation is considered the best treatment option for patients with Child-Pugh class A or B cirrhosis and a single, nodular-type HCC smaller than 5 cm or as many as three HCC lesions, each smaller than 3 cm, when surgical resection or liver transplantation is not suitable. " 11/01/2004 - "For Child class B and C patients with a small HCC, liver transplantation offers the best results, whereas partial liver resection is indicated in patients with well-compensated cirrhosis. " 09/01/2003 - "The best results of liver transplantation were achieved in patients transplanted on a routine basis with a diagnosis of PBC (91.4%), autoimmunologic cirrhosis (81.1%), postalcoholic cirrhosis (80%), or hemochoromatosis (100%). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 06/01/2009 - "Early free functional muscle transplantation shows best results in patients with direct muscle defect, because all vascular and neuronal structures are still available, and no secondary changes such as fibrosis or joint stiffness are present yet. " 04/01/2003 - "Amniotic membrane combined with limbal autograft is more effective in the treatment of recurrence or pseudopterygium than amniotic membrane transplantation, and is able to inhibit fibrosis, reconstruct the ocular surface and promote the epithelial recovery, so as to improve the curative effect and decrease the recurrence." 10/01/2012 - "This was associated with significantly improved cardiac performance as measured by dp/dt(max), dp/dt(min), LVEDP and LVDP, declined left ventricle (LV) fibrosis and apoptosis as measured by Masson's Trichrome and TUNEL assays, respectively, after 30 days of transplantation. " 05/01/2008 - "Although transplantation of AD-CMG or BM-MNC also had a positive, albeit smaller, effect on angiogenesis and fibrosis in the infarcted hearts, this benefit did not translate into a significant improvement in heart function or tissue viability. " 08/01/2005 - "High-dose MP treatment for early subclinical rejection may be effective in suppressing the development of interstitial fibrosis at 1 yr after transplantation." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 12/01/2002 - "In one patient the fibrosis resolved completely 180 d post transplant. " 05/01/2000 - "The rate of global obsolescence, and the degree of interstitial fibrosis in post-transplant IgAN were significantly greater than in primary IgAN (P<0.05). " 03/15/1992 - "Wall thickness was significantly greater in the vein grafts after long-term implantation than in the freshly harvested veins (average thickness 1.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.2 mm, p less than 0.007); this finding correlated histologically with vein wall fibrosis. " 08/01/1990 - "Grafts and donor sites treated with direct current showed more rapid reepithelialization, decreased contraction, improved hair survival, and decreased dermal fibrosis when compared to controls not treated with direct current. " 07/01/1982 - "We conclude that (1) except for significant fibrosis, transplants have normal structure and function after 4, 8, and 12 hours of preservation, (2) in assessing the efficacy of hypothermic cardioplegic preservation, chronic structural changes are more sensitive than functional changes, and (3) hypothermic cardioplegic preservation is feasible up to 12 hours but fibrosis may be the ultimate limiting factor in man." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Sclerotherapy 07/01/1991 - "Sclerotherapy was most effective in patients of (EHO), than (NCPF) followed by cirrhosis of the liver." 11/01/1994 - "Sclerotherapy was not found to improve survival in patients, irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis (alcoholic or nonalcoholic) or variceal size (low-grade or high-grade). " 12/30/1996 - "The methodology is illustrated using data from 26 clinical trials which investigate the prevention of cirrhosis using beta-blockers and sclerotherapy. " 01/01/1988 - "In our study, we examined the effects of prophylactic sclerotherapy on esophageal motility in 15 patients with Child's A cirrhosis of the liver. " 09/01/1983 - "In a study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of two techniques of injection sclerotherapy, 40 patients (30 with cirrhosis and 10 with portal vein block) were randomly allocated to the sheath or free-hand technique. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/01/1984 - "The findings indicate that: some degree of marrow fibrosis is present in about one third of the patients with acute myeloid leukaemia at presentation; effective antileukaemia treatment may result in reversal of marrow fibrosis; and increase in marrow fibre content at diagnosis does not affect haemopoietic regeneration after treatment and achievement of complete remission." 03/01/2000 - "Sixty-four subjects (37%) showed significant improvement in ultrasound parenchyma images after treatment and 51 subjects (54%) showed significant improvement of periportal fibrosis. " 05/01/2006 - "Four of 20 (20%) patients had improvement in Ishak fibrosis scores after treatment. " 03/01/2005 - "Mean decrement in inflammatory grade was 8 scores (range, 4-10) in patients in whom fibrosis improved, and 2 scores (range, 0-4) in patients in whom fibrosis did not decrease after treatment (P < 0.001). " 06/01/1978 - "Of the 27 patients, 12 revealed healing between 7 and 82 months after therapy was started; seven patients revealed histological improvement with an interval in treatment between 12 and 58 months; two of them did not show histologic changes from 37 to 84 months and 6 developed cirrhosis at the 24th and 92nd months after treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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