Anti-plasmodial and anti-inflammatory activities of cyclotide-rich extract and fraction of Oldenlandia affinis (R. & S.) D.C. (Rubiaceae).

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Oldenlandia affinis, commonly called 'kalata-kalata', a versatile plant used locally to treat malaria fever in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa was investigated for anti-plasmodial and anti-inflammatory activities.

OBJECTIVE:

The study was designed to evaluate the antiplasmodial as well as anti-inflammatory activities of whole extract and cyclotide-rich fraction of Oldenlandia affinis.

METHOD:

The dichloromethane-methanol extract (ODE) of the plant, O. affinis was investigated for suppressive and curative antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei in mice. ODE and the cyclotide-rich fraction (CRF) was investigated for chronic and acute anti-inflammatory activities in rat models of inflammation. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators was studied in RAW264.7 macrophages.

RESULTS:

ODE exhibited significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean parasitaemia in both the suppressive and curative models of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice.Administration of ODE(100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and CRF (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition of rodent models of acute and chronic inflammation . This observation is supported by the significant (P<0.05) inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide (iNO) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the reactive radical scavenging activities in RAW264.7 macrophages.

CONCLUSION:

These findings could explain, at least in part, the successes reported in the use of the herb, Oldenlandia affinis in the traditional treatment of malaria fever.

• Authors: Chukwuemeka Sylvester Nworu, Tochukwu Ifenyinwa Ejikeme, Adaobi Chioma Ezike, Okechukwu Ndu, Theophine Chinwuba Akunne, Collins Azubuike Onyeto, Paul Okpalanduka, Peter Achunike Akah
• Journal: African health sciences (Afr Health Sci) Vol. 17 Issue 3 Pg. 827-843 (Sep 2017) ISSN: 1729-0503 [Electronic] Uganda
• PMID: 29085411 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Antimalarials
• Cyclotides
• Plant Extracts
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (pharmacology)
• Antimalarials (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Cyclotides (chemistry, pharmacology)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Inhibitory Concentration 50
• Malaria (drug therapy, parasitology)
• Mice
• Oldenlandia (chemistry)
• Plant Extracts (chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Plasmodium berghei (drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Rats
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (metabolism)