Activity-guided isolation of 80%
acetone extract of Cornus alba, which is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory,
hemostatic and
diuretic in Korea, yielded one novel compound, tentatively designated cornusiin H (13), together with 12 known compounds. The known compounds included four
flavonoids (catechin (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)) and eight hydrolysable
tannins (gallic acid (5), 2,6-di-O-galloyl-hamamelofuranoside (6), 2-galloyl-4-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid (7) 2,3-di-O-galloyl-4-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid (8), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), cornusiin B (10), cornusiin A (11) and camptothin B (12)). All compounds exhibited potent
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-
free radical scavenging activity. Especially, the radical scavenging activities of 6 and 9-13 were higher than that of
vitamin C. Compounds 9, 11, 12 and 13 inhibited the production of
nitric oxide (NO) in
lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells to the same degree as N(G)-Monomethyl-
L-arginine (
L-NMMA). When the antiproliferative effects of the isolated compounds were assessed in
prostate cancer cells, the dimeric
ellagitannins (11-13) selectively inhibited LNCaP
hormone-dependent
prostate cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the dimeric
ellagitannins induced apoptosis and S-phase arrest. These results suggest that dimeric
ellagitannins from Cornus alba can be developed as functional materials or
herbal medicines for prostate
tumors such as benign prostate
hyperplasia and early-stage
prostate cancer.