Esculentoside A suppresses Aβ(1-42)-induced neuroinflammation by down-regulating MAPKs pathways in vivo.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Esculentoside A (EsA) is a saponin isolated from the roots of Phytolacca esculenta. Previous studies have demonstrated that EsA exerts strong anti-inflammatory effects in peripheral immune inflammation. This study is to determine whether EsA is effective in inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS:

Male C57BL/6(B6) mice were divided into three groups of six mice as follows: (1) control group; (2) AD model group (Aβ(1-42)-induced AD mice with saline); (3) EsA group (Aβ(1-42)-induced AD mice with EsA, 5  mg/kg/day, i.p. for 15 days). Behavioural testing was performed after 15  days of EsA treatment. Real time PCR and Western blot were used to assess the level of inflammation factors and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Immunostaining was used to determine the level of activated microglia and astrocyte.

RESULTS:

The results showed that EsA attenuated memory deficits in Aβ(1-42)-induced AD mice. Esculentoside A decreased the pro-inflammatory factors and microglia and astrocyte activation in the hippocampi of Aβ(1-42)-induced AD mice. Moreover, Aβ(1-42) activated phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPKs in the hippocampi of mice in the AD model group, while EsA significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels.

CONCLUSION:

These findings indicate that EsA provides protective effects against neuroinflammation triggered by β-amyloid.

• Authors: Hui Yang, Sulei Wang, Linjie Yu, Xiaolei Zhu, Yun Xu
• Journal: Neurological research (Neurol Res) Vol. 37 Issue 10 Pg. 859-66 (Oct 2015) ISSN: 1743-1328 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 26104317 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Amyloid beta-Peptides
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Inflammation Mediators
• Peptide Fragments
• Saponins
• amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
• esculentoside A
• Oleanolic Acid

Topics

• Alzheimer Disease (complications)
• Amyloid beta-Peptides
• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (administration & dosage)
• Astrocytes (drug effects, metabolism)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Down-Regulation
• Encephalitis (chemically induced, metabolism, prevention & control)
• Hippocampus (drug effects, metabolism)
• Inflammation Mediators (metabolism)
• MAP Kinase Signaling System (drug effects)
• Male
• Memory (drug effects)
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Microglia (drug effects, metabolism)
• Oleanolic Acid (administration & dosage, analogs & derivatives)
• Peptide Fragments
• Saponins (administration & dosage)