Niacin requirements for genomic stability.

Abstract

Through its involvement in over 400 NAD(P)-dependent reactions, niacin status has the potential to influence every area of metabolism. Niacin deficiency has been linked to genomic instability largely through impaired function of the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes. In various models, niacin deficiency has been found to cause impaired cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, delayed DNA excision repair, accumulation of single and double strand breaks, chromosomal breakage, telomere erosion and cancer development. Rat models suggest that most aspects of genomic instability are minimized by the recommended levels of niacin found in AIN-93 formulations; however, some beneficial responses do occur in the range from adequate up to pharmacological niacin intakes. Mouse models show a wide range of protection against UV-induced skin cancer well into pharmacological levels of niacin intake. It is currently a challenge to compare animal and human data to estimate the role of niacin status in the risk of genomic instability in human populations. It seems fairly certain that some portion of even affluent populations will benefit from niacin supplementation, and some subpopulations are likely well below an optimal intake of this vitamin. With exposure to stressors, like chemotherapy or excess sunlight, suraphysiological doses of niacin may be beneficial.

• Authors: James B Kirkland
• Journal: Mutation research (Mutat Res) Vol. 733 Issue 1-2 Pg. 14-20 (May 01 2012) ISSN: 0027-5107 [Print] Netherlands
• PMID: 22138132 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Niacin

Topics

• Animals
• DNA Damage (drug effects)
• DNA Repair (drug effects)
• Dietary Supplements
• Genomic Instability
• Humans
• Models, Animal
• Neoplasms (epidemiology)
• Niacin (administration & dosage, deficiency, pharmacology)
• Skin (drug effects)