Genital
tuberculosis is a major cause of
infertility in countries where
tuberculosis is endemic. With recent advances in assisted reproductive technology, women with tuberculous
endometritis may become pregnant and ultimately have children with congenital
tuberculosis. In vitro fertilisation represents a useful treatment for
infertility. Congenital
tuberculosis is a rare and severe, rapidly progressive, disease. Making an early diagnosis of congenital
tuberculosis is difficult, because it can mimic many neonatal illnesses. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first cases of premature twins with congenital
tuberculosis following in vitro fertilisation. After the diagnosis of genital
tuberculosis in the mother, the twins were screened and diagnosed for
tuberculosis. The twins dramatically improved after anti-
tuberculosis therapy. We also wish to draw attention to the importance of searching for genital
tuberculosis as the possible cause of congenital
infection, even if the mother is asymptomatic.