Interindividual differences in metabolism of the soy
isoflavone,
daidzein, to
equol and
O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) by human gut bacteria, have been associated with altered risk of
cancer and other
chronic diseases, according to some studies. Differences have been reported in the prevalence of the
equol-producer phenotype among populations, with a higher prevalence in soy-consuming Asian populations than in Western populations. To date, prevalence of the
daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes in Asians, compared with Caucasians, has not been evaluated in the context of a standardized phenotyping method. We assessed the prevalence of
equol- and ODMA-producer phenotypes in 91 Korean American (KA) women and girls living in the Seattle, Washington area and compared this with previous similarly collected prevalence data in Caucasian American (CA) women and girls (n = 222). We also compared the dietary habits of the 2 groups. Isoflavonoid concentrations in first-void morning urines, collected after a 3-d soy challenge, were used to establish
equol-, and ODMA-producer phenotypes (>44 microg/L). The prevalence of the
equol-producer phenotype was higher (51 vs. 36%; P = 0.015) and the ODMA-producer phenotype was lower (84 vs. 92%, P = 0.03) in KA than in CA women and girls. KAs consumed approximately 3 times more soy foods than the CAs, but no significant associations were found between the consumption of soy foods and
equol-producer phenotype. Our findings support the reports that, compared with Western populations, Asian populations have a higher
equol-producer prevalence. The additional observation that the prevalence of the ODMA-producer phenotype is lower in KAs suggests that
daidzein-metabolizing patterns in general may differ between KAs and CAs.