This paper deals with enzymatic removal of
dental plaque, in vitro as well as in vivo, using
proteases from the Antarctic krill shrimp (Euphausia superba), referred to as
Krillase.
Krillase exhibits both endo- and
exopeptidase activity but has no microbicidal effect. In model systems with pure cultures of oral microorganisms.
Krillase demonstrated inhibition of microbial adhesion to saliva-coated
hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, a protocol for the growth of reproducible in vitro plaque films has been developed, and effects of
Krillase on the plaque film were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that
Krillase efficiently released microorganisms from plaque in vitro, the effect being dependent on the enzymatic activity. The surface energy of the substratum had a minor influence on the formation and removal of plaque in vitro. Ellipsometric studies on the formation and enzymatic removal of a salivary pellicle indicated that the enzymatic effect on plaque may partly depend on degradation of the salivary pellicle.
Krillase was also able to remove plaque accumulated on
dentures in vivo. Our results demonstrate the potential of
Krillase for plaque control, and that these
enzymes are worthy of further investigations including clinical studies and work to find a suitable vehicle.