Pinguecula

A yellowish thickened lesion on the conjunctiva near the CORNEA representing a benign degenerative change in the CONJUNCTIVA caused by the leakage and deposition of certain blood proteins through the permeable capillaries near the LIMBUS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 56 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pterygium
2.	Dry Eye Syndromes (Dry Eye Syndrome)
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Skin Neoplasms (Skin Cancer)
5.	Cataract (Cataracts)

Experts

1.	Kwon, Ji-Won: 3 articles (01/2019 - 10/2010)
2.	Kaji, Yuichi: 3 articles (06/2010 - 01/2006)
3.	Emamian, Mohammad Hassan: 2 articles (09/2018 - 08/2017)
4.	Fotouhi, Akbar: 2 articles (09/2018 - 08/2017)
5.	Hashemi, Hassan: 2 articles (09/2018 - 08/2017)
6.	Rastad, Hadith: 2 articles (09/2018 - 08/2017)
7.	Fossarello, Maurizio: 2 articles (01/2017 - 11/2004)
8.	Amano, Shiro: 2 articles (03/2012 - 01/2006)
9.	Oshika, Tetsuro: 2 articles (06/2010 - 01/2006)
10.	Mitchell, Paul: 2 articles (06/2005 - 03/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pinguecula:

1.	SolutionsIBA 01/01/1997 - "This study indicates that topical indomethacin solution 0.1% is a useful treatment for inflamed pterygium and pinguecula." 01/01/1997 - "Treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula with topical indomethacin 0.1% solution." 02/01/1999 - "This study indicates that topical indomethacin 0.1% solution is as effective as topical dexamethasone phosphate 0.1% solution for the treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula and, therefore, is suggested as an effective treatment for these conditions." 02/01/1999 - "Topical indomethacin solution versus dexamethasone solution for treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula: a prospective randomized clinical study." 02/01/1999 - "To compare the effect of topical indomethacin 0.1% solution with the effect of topical dexamethasone 0.1% phosphate solution on signs and symptoms of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula. "
2.	Indomethacin (Indometacin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1997 - "To evaluate the effect of topical indomethacin 0.1% on signs and symptoms in inflamed pterygium and pinguecula. " 01/01/1997 - "This study indicates that topical indomethacin solution 0.1% is a useful treatment for inflamed pterygium and pinguecula." 01/01/1997 - "Treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula with topical indomethacin 0.1% solution." 02/01/1999 - "This study indicates that topical indomethacin 0.1% solution is as effective as topical dexamethasone phosphate 0.1% solution for the treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula and, therefore, is suggested as an effective treatment for these conditions." 02/01/1999 - "Topical indomethacin solution versus dexamethasone solution for treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula: a prospective randomized clinical study."
3.	Fibrin Tissue Adhesive (Fibrin Sealant)IBA 05/01/2017 - "Pinguecula excision and conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue is an effective and safe method to remove pinguecula for cosmetic purposes. " 05/01/2017 - "To determine the change in local vascularization after pinguecula excision and conjunctival autograft secured with fibrin glue at 12 months. " 05/01/2017 - "Vascular Regression After Pinguecula Excision and Conjunctival Autograft Using Fibrin Glue." 01/01/2019 - "30 eyes from 30 different patients (12 men and 18 women) underwent pinguecula excision and conjunctival autografting using fibrin glue. " 01/01/2019 - "Surgical excision of pinguecula and conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue is an effective and safe method to improve symptoms of dry eye syndrome."
4.	dexamethasone 21-phosphateFDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1999 - "This study indicates that topical indomethacin 0.1% solution is as effective as topical dexamethasone phosphate 0.1% solution for the treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula and, therefore, is suggested as an effective treatment for these conditions."
5.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2018 - "We evaluated the fluorescein staining properties and performed the tear break-up time (TBUT) test and Schirmer 2 test (ST2) measurements of 32 patients who had symptomatic unilateral inflamed pinguecula and compared the results with their fellow eyes and also with an age- and sex-matched control group. " 01/01/2017 - "On clinical assessment, the left eye revealed a mild conjunctival injection, a fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) of 3.5 s, an abnormal fluorescein staining, and a Schirmer I test of 5 mm. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging evidenced a height at the most elevated point of the pinguecula of 740 µm. " 01/01/2017 - "After 2 weeks postoperatively, no residual of pinguecula or focal injection of the conjunctiva was detected by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and there was a significant improvement of clinical symptoms and signs: Schirmer I test and FBUT increased to 12 mm and >10 s, respectively, and fluorescein staining was absent. " 03/01/2011 - "After controlling for age and sex, pinguecula was associated with alcohol intake (adjusted odds ratio (OR(a)): 3.08; 95% CI: 1.60-5.95), pterygium with fluorescein staining (OR(a): 2.64; 95% CI: 1.08-6.46) and both disorders with outer activity (OR(a): 2.07; 95% CI: 1.36-3.15 and 2.28; 95% CI: 1.04-4.98, respectively). "
6.	ArgonIBA 10/01/2010 - "Case of argon laser photoablation of pinguecula." 07/01/2013 - "Argon laser photocoagulation is an effective and safe method for removing a pinguecula for cosmetic purposes. " 07/01/2013 - "To determine the efficacy and safety of argon laser photocoagulation of pinguecula by evaluating 1-year outcomes. " 07/01/2013 - "One-year outcome of argon laser photocoagulation of pinguecula." 01/01/2017 - "To describe an unusual case of unilateral, chronic symptoms and signs of dry eye, and recurrent episodes of ocular irritation related to pinguecula, which were refractory to prior medical treatments, successfully treated with argon laser photocoagulation. "
7.	Betamethasone (Celestone)FDA Link 10/01/2014 - "We present 2 clinical cases of patients that had symptomatic pinguecula, in which intra-lesional betamethasone in depot form was used as treatment, obtaining a significant clinical improvement. " 10/01/2014 - "The administration of intra-lesional betamethasone in depot form may be a good alternative for the treatment of the symptomatic pinguecula." 10/01/2014 - "[Intra-lesional injection of betamethasone for the treatment of symptomatic pinguecula]."
8.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 03/01/1995 - "The evidence in support of UVR linkage to pinguecula, ocular neoplasms and retinal changes is weaker--in part because there are fewer studies reported in the literature. " 10/23/2023 - "The most common anterior segment diagnoses were conjunctival microangiopathy (34.6%), pinguecula (31.3%) and cataracts (30.2%), while the most common posterior segment finding was peripheral retinal scarring with features in keeping of previous cytomegalovirus retinitis (24.2%). " 01/01/2012 - "Several ocular abnormalities were found, including punctate keratitis, pinguecula, blepharitis, pterygium, cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, and retinal microvascular abnormalities. "
9.	LDL Receptors (LDL Receptor)IBA 11/01/2004 - "Hyperexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptors and hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase in human pinguecula and primary pterygium." 11/01/2004 - "This study indicates that pterygium and pinguecula have an altered metabolism of cholesterol-namely increased LDL-R and HMG-CoA-R mRNAs-as is characteristic of tumorlike tissues, and that the high expression of LDL receptors renders them amenable to be treated by photodynamic therapy with intravenously injected verteporfin." 11/01/2004 - "In this study, the expression of two main genes correlated to cholesterol metabolism--namely, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene and the hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase (HMG-CoA-R) gene--were investigated in primary pterygium, pinguecula, and normal conjunctiva. "
10.	Oxidoreductases (Dehydrogenase)IBA 11/01/2004 - "Hyperexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptors and hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase in human pinguecula and primary pterygium." 11/01/2004 - "In this study, the expression of two main genes correlated to cholesterol metabolism--namely, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene and the hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase (HMG-CoA-R) gene--were investigated in primary pterygium, pinguecula, and normal conjunctiva. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Slit Lamp 01/01/2023 - "Some participants with temporal UVAF had signs of pinguecula observed with slit lamp examination and some had OCT SLO enface imaging darkening. " 04/01/2015 - "The presence of pinguecula on slit lamp examination was recorded. " 03/01/2009 - "AF images revealed well-defined hyper-autofluorescence in the area of pinguecula, which was greater than the extent of visible pinguecula in the slit-lamp examination, in 40 of 56 lesions (71.4%). " 02/01/1979 - "The prevalence of pinguecula has been studied by slit lamp examination of 659 Eskimos in South Greenland and 810 Caucasians in Copenhagen. " 07/01/2023 - "To assess the autofluorescence size and properties of pterygium and pinguecula by anterior segment autofluorescence (AS-AF) imaging and demonstrate the difference of autofluorescence size presented in AS-AF imaging compared to the extend size of the conjunctival lesion measured by anterior segment slit-lamp photography (AS-SLE). "
2.	Lasers (Laser) 04/01/2020 - "Pinguecula Nonresponsive to Green (532 nm) Laser Photocoagulation." 10/01/2010 - "Case of argon laser photoablation of pinguecula." 07/01/2013 - "Argon laser photocoagulation is an effective and safe method for removing a pinguecula for cosmetic purposes. " 07/01/2013 - "To determine the efficacy and safety of argon laser photocoagulation of pinguecula by evaluating 1-year outcomes. " 07/01/2013 - "One-year outcome of argon laser photocoagulation of pinguecula."
3.	Light Coagulation 04/01/2020 - "Pinguecula Nonresponsive to Green (532 nm) Laser Photocoagulation." 07/01/2013 - "Argon laser photocoagulation is an effective and safe method for removing a pinguecula for cosmetic purposes. " 07/01/2013 - "To determine the efficacy and safety of argon laser photocoagulation of pinguecula by evaluating 1-year outcomes. " 07/01/2013 - "One-year outcome of argon laser photocoagulation of pinguecula." 01/01/2017 - "To describe an unusual case of unilateral, chronic symptoms and signs of dry eye, and recurrent episodes of ocular irritation related to pinguecula, which were refractory to prior medical treatments, successfully treated with argon laser photocoagulation. "
4.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 11/01/2004 - "This study indicates that pterygium and pinguecula have an altered metabolism of cholesterol-namely increased LDL-R and HMG-CoA-R mRNAs-as is characteristic of tumorlike tissues, and that the high expression of LDL receptors renders them amenable to be treated by photodynamic therapy with intravenously injected verteporfin."
5.	Therapeutics 05/17/2016 - "After an initial clinical diagnosis of pinguecula and unsuccessful topical steroid therapy, the lesion was excised and sent for pathological evaluation and special staining. " 07/01/2007 - "Pinguecula following psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy."