Pelvic Girdle Pain

Discomfort associated with the bones that make up the pelvic girdle. It occurs frequently during pregnancy.

Also Known As:

Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction; Dysfunction, Symphysis Pubis; Dysfunctions, Symphysis Pubis; Girdle Pain, Pelvic; Girdle Pains, Pelvic; Pain, Pelvic Girdle; Pains, Pelvic Girdle; Pelvic Girdle Pains; Pubis Dysfunction, Symphysis; Pubis Dysfunctions, Symphysis; Symphysis Pubis Dysfunctions

Networked: 75 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Signs and Symptoms
  - Neurologic Manifestations: 7102
    - Pain: 219111
      - Pelvic Pain: 3286
        Pelvic Girdle Pain: 75
      - Musculoskeletal Pain: 1950
        Pelvic Girdle Pain: 75

Related Diseases

1.	Low Back Pain (Lumbago)
2.	Weight Gain
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Premature Birth (Birth, Premature)
5.	Urinary Incontinence

Experts

1.	Ceprnja, Dragana: 5 articles (08/2022 - 11/2017)
2.	Gupta, Amitabh: 5 articles (08/2022 - 11/2017)
3.	Stuge, Britt: 5 articles (08/2017 - 02/2004)
4.	Aldabe, Daniela: 4 articles (01/2022 - 09/2012)
5.	Liamputtong, Pranee: 3 articles (08/2022 - 07/2021)
6.	Chipchase, Lucinda: 3 articles (02/2022 - 11/2017)
7.	Gutke, Annelie: 3 articles (10/2021 - 03/2006)
8.	Begley, Cecily: 3 articles (11/2020 - 11/2015)
9.	Wuytack, Francesca: 3 articles (11/2020 - 11/2015)
10.	Milosavljevic, Stephan: 3 articles (01/2020 - 09/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pelvic Girdle Pain:

1.	guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-monophosphateIBA 09/01/2017 - "The objective of this study was to investigate if the research process to evaluate the effect of foot manipulation on pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) is feasible. " 01/03/2005 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of PPGP, to identify risk factors involved in the onset and to determine the prognosis of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. " 11/24/2023 - "Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) is common and considered a multifactorial condition with biomechanical and psychosocial contributions. " 09/21/2023 - "Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) is a common condition worldwide. " 07/15/2021 - "To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) in Australia. "
2.	Progestins (Progestagens)IBA 11/01/2013 - "After adjustment for other study factors, the use of a progestin intrauterine device was the only factor based on the preceding year associated with pelvic girdle pain [adjusted odds ratios (OR) 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.31]. " 01/01/2017 - "Conversely, long duration of exposure to progestin injections and/or a progestin implant was associated with modest increased odds of persistent pelvic girdle pain (Ptrend = 0.046). " 01/01/2017 - "Early timing of progestin-only contraceptive dispense following delivery (≤3 months) was not significantly associated with persistent pelvic girdle pain. " 01/01/2017 - "Pelvic girdle pain 18 months after delivery was reported by 9.7% (957/9830) of women with dispense of a progestin-only contraceptive and by 10.5% (1114/10,663) of women without dispense (adjusted odds ratio 0.93; 95% CI 0.84-1.02). " 01/01/2017 - "To estimate associations of progestin-only contraceptives with persistent pelvic girdle pain 18 months after delivery. "
3.	CalciumIBA 04/01/2019 - "The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of LBP including pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and its various aspects such as nature, intensity, character, radiation, circadian pattern, and its correlation with serum calcium levels. "
4.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 12/01/2008 - "Acupuncture as an adjunct to standard treatment for pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women: randomised double-blinded controlled trial comparing acupuncture with non-penetrating sham acupuncture." 12/01/2008 - "To investigate whether acupuncture has a greater treatment effect than non-penetrating sham acupuncture in women with pelvic girdle pain (PGP) during pregnancy. "
5.	RelaxinIBA 09/01/2012 - "Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain and its relationship with relaxin levels during pregnancy: a systematic review." 07/01/1997 - "We failed to confirm an earlier claim that circulating relaxin levels are related to pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women." 09/01/2012 - "The present systematic review assessed the level of evidence for the association between relaxin levels and pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) during pregnancy. " 01/01/2008 - "Increased levels of relaxin, a hormone structurally belonging to the insulin-like growth factor family, has been associated with both pelvic girdle pain and type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. "
6.	Pain-FreeIBA 01/01/2016 - "Compared to pain-free women, women with pelvic girdle pain also showed significantly later onset time in both the pelvic floor muscles (P=0.01) and the muscles of the lower lateral abdominal wall (P<0.01). " 01/01/2016 - "During the subsequent ipsilateral leg lift, pre-activation in the pelvic floor muscles was observed in 36% of women with pelvic girdle pain and in 91% of pain-free women (P=0.01). " 01/01/2016 - "Sixteen women with pelvic girdle pain and eleven pain-free women performed contralateral and ipsilateral leg lifts, while surface electromyographic activity was recorded from the pelvic floor and unilaterally from the lower lateral abdominal wall. " 01/01/2009 - "Greater understanding of MC patterns in pain-free subjects may improve the management of pelvic girdle pain. " 08/01/2014 - "Management of low back pain in pregnancy is conservative, with physical exercise for lumbar pain and minimising activities that exacerbate pain, analgesics and bed rest for pelvic girdle pain, as well as avoiding abduction beyond the pain-free zone in labour. "
7.	TantalumIBA 08/01/2017 - "Tantalum markers were inserted in the dorsal sacrum and ilium of 12 patients with long-lasting pelvic girdle pain scheduled for sacroiliac joint fusion surgery. " 04/01/2014 - "Under general anesthesia, tantalum markers were inserted into the dorsal sacrum and the ilium of 11 patients with long-lasting and severe pelvic girdle pain. "
8.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 03/01/2004 - "Pelvic girdle pain may be an overlooked hormone adverse effect." 01/01/2008 - "Increased levels of relaxin, a hormone structurally belonging to the insulin-like growth factor family, has been associated with both pelvic girdle pain and type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. "
9.	Contraceptive Agents (Contraceptives)IBA 01/01/2017 - "Early timing of progestin-only contraceptive dispense following delivery (≤3 months) was not significantly associated with persistent pelvic girdle pain. " 01/01/2017 - "Pelvic girdle pain 18 months after delivery was reported by 9.7% (957/9830) of women with dispense of a progestin-only contraceptive and by 10.5% (1114/10,663) of women without dispense (adjusted odds ratio 0.93; 95% CI 0.84-1.02). " 01/01/2017 - "To estimate associations of progestin-only contraceptives with persistent pelvic girdle pain 18 months after delivery. " 01/01/2017 - "Does progestin-only contraceptive use after pregnancy affect recovery from pelvic girdle pain? " 11/01/2013 - "Long lifetime exposure to progestin-only contraceptive pills was also associated with pelvic girdle pain (adjusted OR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01-2.20). "
10.	Combined Oral ContraceptivesIBA 11/01/2013 - "The results suggest that combined oral contraceptives can be used without fear of developing pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy. " 11/01/2013 - "In contrast to combined oral contraceptive pills, long lifetime exposure to progestin-only contraceptive pills or the use of a progestin intrauterine device during the final year before pregnancy were associated with pelvic girdle pain. " 11/01/2013 - "Pelvic girdle pain was present in 12.9% of women who had used combined oral contraceptive pills during the last pre-pregnancy year, 16.4% of women who had used progestin-only contraceptive pills, 16.7% of women who had progestin injections and 20.7% of women who had used progestin intrauterine devices, compared with 15.3% of women who did not report use of hormonal contraceptives. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ear Acupuncture 10/01/2019 - "Ear acupuncture carried out in primary care by trained midwives, with no specialist training in acupuncture, may be effective in alleviating pregnancy-related lower back and/or posterior pelvic girdle pain (LBPGP). "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2022 - "Effectiveness of motor control exercises versus other musculoskeletal therapies in patients with pelvic girdle pain of sacroiliac joint origin: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 06/01/2021 - "She was initially diagnosed with persistent pelvic girdle pain (PGP) type 2, responded somewhat to appropriately targeted pelvic floor therapy, with a plateau in her progress. " 09/01/2014 - "A short literature review is given on epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, therapy, and prognosis of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. " 07/01/2013 - "Effects of craniosacral therapy as adjunct to standard treatment for pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women: a multicenter, single blind, randomized controlled trial." 11/01/2011 - "By being active agents in managing their pelvic girdle pain and therapy, they learned to set proximal goals. "
3.	Massage (Zone Therapy) 12/01/2023 - "This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of massage in treating pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain to determine its merits and viability for use in a large-scale study. " 12/01/2023 - "The Effectiveness of Massage in Managing Pregnant Women with Pelvic Girdle Pain: a Randomised Controlled Crossover Feasibility Study." 05/01/2020 - "Pregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain and Pregnancy Massage: Findings from a Subgroup Analysis of an Observational Study." 11/01/2015 - "The majority of studies indicated a preventative effect for low back pain/pelvic girdle pain, weight gain, incontinence, and perineal massage. "
4.	Physical Therapy Modalities (Physical Therapy Technique) 03/01/2023 - "Expertise and individually tailored interventions are expected by pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain who seek physical therapy: a qualitative study." 09/01/2018 - "Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PEDro synthesis)." 02/15/2004 - "An individualized treatment approach with specific stabilizing exercises appears to be more effective than physical therapy without specific stabilizing exercises for women with pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy." 01/01/2017 - "CM was performed according to the European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pelvic girdle pain and consisted of optimization of medical therapy, individualized physical therapy (PT) and adequate information and reassurance as part of a multifactorial treatment. " 09/01/2014 - "We report the case of severe and disabling postpartum pelvic girdle pain caused by unilateral noninfectious sacroiliitis which resolved after 2 months by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and physical therapy. "
5.	Musculoskeletal Manipulations (Manipulative Therapy) 12/01/2017 - "in this trial antenatal reflexology reduced labour duration for primiparous women who had experienced low back and/ or pelvic girdle pain during their pregnancy, compared with usual care and footbaths. " 01/01/2019 - "Use of Manual Therapy for Posterior Pelvic Girdle Pain." 05/01/2018 - "Ninety primiparous volunteers experiencing low back and/or pelvic girdle pain (LBPGP) were recruited to receive either six reflexology or footbath treatments or usual care. " 03/12/2020 - "To observe the effect on postpartum pelvic girdle pain treated with the combined therapy of pelvic-sacral tendon-regulation needling technique of acupuncture and manipulative reduction and the simple manipulative therapy. "