Petrositis

Inflammation of PETROUS BONE.

Also Known As:

Gradenigo Syndrome; Gradenigo's Syndrome; Gradenigo-Lannois Syndrome; Petrous Apicitis; Apicitides, Petrous; Apicitis, Petrous; Gradenigo Lannois Syndrome; Gradenigos Syndrome; Petrositides; Petrous Apicitides; Syndrome, Gradenigo; Syndrome, Gradenigo's; Syndrome, Gradenigo-Lannois

Networked: 51 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Abducens Nerve Diseases (Sixth Nerve Palsy)
2.	Intracranial Sinus Thrombosis (Sinus Thrombosis)
3.	Intracranial Hypertension
4.	Otitis Media
5.	Granuloma

Experts

1.	Kong, Andrew: 1 article (12/2021)
2.	Quesada, Juan: 1 article (12/2021)
3.	Tweddle, Eliza: 1 article (12/2021)
4.	Lin, Yu-Pang: 1 article (11/2021)
5.	Liu, Yi: 1 article (11/2021)
6.	Sung, Yueh-Feng: 1 article (11/2021)
7.	Yeh, Po-Kuan: 1 article (11/2021)
8.	Gencturk, Mehmet: 1 article (09/2021)
9.	Lee, Michael S: 1 article (09/2021)
10.	McClelland, Collin M: 1 article (09/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Petrositis:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2020 - "The simultaneous presentation of all three components has become less common in cases of GS reported in the literature, particularly in the era of antibiotics effective against typical organisms attributed to OM and petrous apicitis. " 01/01/2022 - "Gradenigo syndrome (GS) was described primarily in the paediatric population, especially in the pre-antibiotic era. " 06/01/2019 - "Gradenigo's syndrome in a four-year-old patient: a rare diagnosis in the modern antibiotic era." 04/01/2001 - "Petrositis used to be common before the antibiotic era. " 05/01/2017 - "Petrositis has traditionally been treated with surgery, but recent advances in imaging, with improved antibiotic treatment, allow more conservative management. "
2.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 01/01/1951 - "[Case of petrositis cured by penicillin]." 04/01/1949 - "Recovery from petrositis associated with meningitis after penicillin treatment." 11/01/1945 - "Two cases of petrositis and Gradenigo's syndrome, treated by conservative surgery and penicillin." 10/01/1950 - "[Abscess of apex of petrous bone; Gradenigo syndrome; report of a case treated with penicillin and streptomycin]."
3.	CholesterolIBA 04/28/2015 - "Mystery Case: Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex in Gradenigo syndrome." 01/01/2009 - "Twenty patients were included in the analysis: 13 inflammatory cystic lesions (9 cholesterol granulomas and four petrous apicitis) and 7 solid lesions. " 01/01/1986 - "Petrositis can occur as large cystic cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex. " 01/01/2020 - "Gradenigo's Syndrome and Bacterial Meningitis in a Patient with a Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma." 05/01/2008 - "cholesterol granuloma, cholesteatoma), inflammatory (e.g.apical petrositis) and dysplastic (e.g. "
4.	SteroidsIBA 11/01/2021 - "We report a Gradenigo's syndrome caused by chronic inflammation with good response to steroids. " 11/01/2021 - "Steroid-Responsive Gradenigo's Syndrome Mimicking Subdural Hematoma." 11/01/2021 - "The patient was diagnosed with Gradenigo's syndrome and administered antibiotics and steroids. " 01/01/2020 - "The mainstay treatment for petrous apicitis (Gradenigo's syndrome) is medical management with antibiotics, steroids, and placement of pressure equalization tubes. "
5.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 07/27/2022 - "Petrositis caused by fluconazole-resistant candida: case report and literature review."
6.	Streptomycin (Streptomycin Sulfate)FDA Link 10/01/1950 - "[Abscess of apex of petrous bone; Gradenigo syndrome; report of a case treated with penicillin and streptomycin]."
7.	GalliumIBA 10/01/2005 - "CT, MRI and gallium SPECT in the diagnosis and treatment of petrous apicitis presenting as multiple cranial neuropathies."
8.	gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA FDA Link 09/01/2021 - "Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced Imaging of Gradenigo Syndrome in End-Stage Renal Disease."
9.	A 17 (A-17)IBA 07/01/2013 - "We report a case of a 17 year-old girl with apparent Gradenigo syndrome, presenting with unilateral eye pain, abducens palsy, headache, hearing loss and serous otitis media, who was ultimately diagnosed with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Conservative Treatment 10/01/2011 - "To study the clinical features and conservative treatment of petrositis. " 04/19/2011 - "Conservative management of Gradenigo's syndrome in a child." 04/01/2005 - "Gradenigo's syndrome: successful conservative treatment in adult and paediatric patients." 01/11/2002 - "Re: Conservative Management of Gradenigo Syndrome in a Child." 01/01/2001 - "Conservative management of Gradenigo syndrome in a child."
2.	Craniotomy 06/01/2019 - "This study presents a rare case of petrous apicitis managed surgically without the need for a craniotomy or transcochlear procedure."
3.	Mastoidectomy 01/01/2022 - "Atypical Gradenigo Syndrome in an Elderly Man Resolved with Mastoidectomy and Petrous Apicectomy." 11/01/1998 - "Four patients presented with acute petrositis, and in all four it resolved with mastoidectomy. " 06/23/2014 - "Gradenigo's syndrome secondary to chronic otitis media on a background of previous radical mastoidectomy: a case report." 04/01/2005 - "We present two cases of Gradenigo's syndrome: a 6-year-old child and a 70-year-old man, both without cholesteatoma, who were managed without mastoidectomy. " 03/01/1946 - "In two cases of rough Gradenigo syndrome during otitis media; Mastoidectomy; Healing."
4.	Therapeutics 08/01/1992 - "The case of a 30-year-old female with bilateral Gradenigo's syndrome is presented in order to detail commonly applied therapy. " 01/01/1948 - "[Clinical aspects and therapy of petrositis]." 08/01/1992 - "[Bilateral Gradenigo syndrome--on the value of an integrated therapy concept including hyperbaric oxygenation and chronic destructive inflammation of the skull base]." 06/23/2014 - "Although there is little evidence to support the use of medical therapy in the treatment of Gradenigo's syndrome resulting from chronic ear disease, we here demonstrate successful conservative treatment of Gradenigo's syndrome following chronic otitis media in a patient who underwent previous radical mastoidectomy." 12/01/2019 - "It has become a very rare nosological entity after the introduction of antibiotics, so that has been defined as the "forgotten syndrome." However, the underlying pathological process (apical petrositis) still represents a life-threatening condition that shall be immediately recognized in order to address the patient to the proper therapy. "
5.	Debridement 01/01/2020 - "We report 2 cases of medically refractory petrous apicitis presenting with progressive cranial neuropathies who underwent petrous apex resection and debridement via an anterior petrosal (Kawase) approach. " 01/01/2014 - "The definite treatment of Gradenigo syndrome with an NTM infection requires adequate surgical debridement combined with antibiotic treatment for at least 4-6 months."