Amanitins

Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.

Also Known As:

Networked: 99 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Pahl, Andreas: 5 articles (10/2021 - 04/2015)
2.	Hechler, Torsten: 4 articles (10/2021 - 01/2018)
3.	Magdalan, Jan: 4 articles (07/2010 - 01/2009)
4.	Ostrowska, Alina: 4 articles (07/2010 - 01/2009)
5.	Piotrowska, Aleksandra: 4 articles (07/2010 - 01/2009)
6.	Müller, Christoph: 3 articles (01/2021 - 01/2018)
7.	Carvalho, Félix: 3 articles (01/2019 - 06/2014)
8.	Garcia, Juliana: 3 articles (01/2019 - 06/2014)
9.	Dziegiel, Piotr: 3 articles (07/2010 - 01/2009)
10.	Gomułkiewicz, Agnieszka: 3 articles (07/2010 - 12/2009)

Related Diseases

1.	Poisoning 08/01/2015 - "Additionally, the method will be very useful in the development of novel and potent antidotes against amatoxins poisoning and to improve the knowledge of α-amanitin toxicity. " 08/01/1995 - "We have concluded that intensive combined treatment applied in these cases is effective in relieving patients with both moderate and severe amanitin poisoning." 01/01/2022 - "We conducted dose-effect and time-effect studies in mice that were intraperitoneally injected with 0.33-0.66 mg/kg α-amanitin to establish a poisoning model. " 02/27/2017 - "This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress markers of liver tissue in a mouse α-amanitin poisoning model with three different toxin levels. " 11/20/2023 - "This provides initial insights into the protective intervention mechanisms of GA against α-amanitin-induced liver damage and offers new avenues for the development of therapeutic drugs for α-Amanitin poisoning."
2.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 10/01/2021 - "Therefore, breast cancer cells with heterozygous loss of 17p are extremely sensitive to the inhibition of POLR2A via a specific small-molecule inhibitor, α-amanitin. " 10/01/2021 - "Here, we demonstrate that α-amanitin-conjugated trastuzumab (T-Ama) potentiated the HER2-targeted therapy and exhibited superior efficacy in treating HER2-low breast cancer with 17p loss. " 01/01/2018 - "A wide range of experiments was performed on nine constructs including (i) biophysical measurements using steady-state and kinetic fluorescence, circular dichroism, and oriented circular dichroism to study the pH-dependent insertion of pHLIP variants across the membrane lipid bilayer; (ii) cell viability assays to gauge the pH-dependent potency of peptide-toxin constructs by assessing the intracellular delivery of the polar, cell-impermeable cargo molecule amanitin at physiological and low pH (pH 7.4 and 6.0, respectively); and (iii) tumor targeting and biodistribution measurements using fluorophore-peptide conjugates in a breast cancer mouse model. "
3.	Starvation 01/01/2000 - "These conditions (fermentation style and glucose starvation) are effective for the production of all the known types of amanitins."
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2022 - "In this study we have shown the targeting of malignant lesions in human bladders by fluorescent pHLIP agents, intracellular delivery of amanitin toxin by pHLIP for the inhibition of urothelial cancer cell proliferation, and enhanced potency of pHLIP-amanitin for cancer cells with 17p loss, a mutation frequently present in urothelial cancers. " 01/01/2023 - "In addition to the pathogenic mechanism, α-amanitin also has a role in cancer treatment, which is the focus of current research. " 01/01/2022 - "pHLIP-amanitin produced concentration- and pH-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of urothelial cancer cells treated for 2 hrs at concentrations up to 4 μM. " 01/01/2022 - "We also investigated the interactions of pHLIP-amanitin with urothelial cancer cells of different grades. " 01/01/2018 - "In the U87, in the MDA-MB-468, and partly in the A549 cancer cell lines, the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-α-amanitin conjugates bearing the lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala linker were found to be slightly more potent than α-amanitin. "
5.	Acute Liver Failure (Fulminant Hepatic Failure) 01/01/2014 - "This study aimed to investigate markers indicating spontaneous liver regeneration in a porcine acute liver failure (ALF) model after α-amanitin intoxication. " 07/15/2015 - "α-amanitin could make patients die of acute liver failure within a short time if suitable treatment is not provided in a timely fashion. " 01/01/2009 - "phalloides intoxications is principally a result of the acute liver failure following significant hepatocyte damage due to hepatocellular uptake of amanitins, the major toxins of this mushroom. " 01/01/2014 - "Acute liver failure after amanitin poisoning: a porcine model to detect prognostic markers for liver regeneration." 06/01/2014 - "Well-established preclinical models of acute liver failure such as the Jo2 FAS/CD95 activating model and models of acetaminophen and α-amanitin poisoning were used. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Glucose (Dextrose)
2.	Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
3.	Elongin
4.	RNA Polymerase II (RNA Polymerase B)
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	Antidotes
7.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
8.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
9.	Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
10.	Alpha-Amanitin

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Immunotherapy
3.	Intravesical Administration