Pulmonary Hemosiderosis

Iron deposition within the lung. Primary pulmonary hemosiderosis is characterized by HEMOPTYSIS; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage as seen as transient pulmonary infiltrates on RADIOGRAPHY. Even though large amounts of iron are laid down in the lung, with normal or increased total body iron, anemia occurs because of inability of the erythron to use iron sequestered in pulmonary MACROPHAGES.

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Networked: 147 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 15 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
2.	Glomerulonephritis
3.	Anemia
4.	Down Syndrome (Down's Syndrome)
5.	Sickle Cell Anemia (Hemoglobin S Disease)

Experts

1.	Milman, Nils T: 3 articles (04/2022 - 01/2022)
2.	Saha, Biplab K: 3 articles (04/2022 - 01/2022)
3.	Ishimura, Masataka: 3 articles (01/2020 - 11/2013)
4.	Ohga, Shouichi: 3 articles (01/2020 - 11/2013)
5.	Bonnier, Alyssa: 2 articles (04/2022 - 04/2022)
6.	Tan, Wei-Ping: 2 articles (11/2017 - 10/2017)
7.	Doi, Takehiko: 2 articles (12/2015 - 11/2013)
8.	Hara, Toshiro: 2 articles (12/2015 - 11/2013)
9.	Ihara, Kenji: 2 articles (12/2015 - 11/2013)
10.	Ishii, Kanako: 2 articles (12/2015 - 11/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pulmonary Hemosiderosis:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 02/01/2021 - "Aggressive corticosteroid treatment in childhood idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with better outcome." 01/01/2012 - "Clinicians should keep in mind that idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis may differ in localization on chest X-ray and corticosteroid treatment should be started when diagnosis is established." 08/01/2008 - "Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: favorable response to corticosteroids." 04/01/2003 - "[Inhaled corticosteroids in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: 2 cases]." 01/01/1991 - "The other patient (adult female) suffered from Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis (IPH) and had been treated by corticosteroids for fifteen years, with one acute episode during this period. "
2.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 06/15/1979 - "[Efficacy of treatment with cyclophosphamide in a case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]." 10/01/2006 - "Life threatening exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis salvaged by cyclophosphamide infusion." 11/01/2003 - "Treatment of pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with low-dose cyclophosphamide." 09/01/1992 - "Treatment of life-threatening primary pulmonary hemosiderosis with cyclophosphamide." 11/01/2003 - "To report the safety and efficacy of long-term, low-dose cyclophosphamide therapy in a child with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). "
3.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2019 - "Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is conventionally treated with steroids, prolonged usage of which maybe deleterious and disease often recurs on tapering. " 01/01/2019 - "Early Initiation of Steroid-sparing Drugs in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis." 01/01/2019 - "Children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and those with immune mediated diseases were treated with systemic steroids and steroid sparing agents; the latter group took longer time to respond and had more relapses. " 12/01/2014 - "Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis was suspected in light of his response to high-dose steroids and was confirmed by subsequent lung biopsies. " 12/01/2007 - "[A case of adult onset idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis markedly improved by steroid therapy]."
4.	Leflunomide (Arava)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Leflunomide Is Safe and Effective for the Induction and Maintenance of Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Remission." 01/01/2023 - "Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of leflunomide in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) disease control and glucocorticoid attenuation. " 10/01/2017 - "This study evaluated the efficiency of corticosteroid, leflunomide and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). " 10/01/2017 - "Corticosteroid in Combination with Leflunomide and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Pediatric Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis."
5.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1976 - "Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: ultrastructural studies and responses to azathioprine." 11/01/2007 - "[Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis treated with azathioprine in a child]." 01/01/2023 - "Determining the threshold for azathioprine use in recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis." 07/01/1992 - "Long-term prednisone and azathioprine treatment of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis." 01/01/2019 - "We initiated hydroxy-chloroquine and azathioprine early in treatment along with steroids in seven children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, and observed that early introduction of second line immunosuppressants helped in reducing disease flare and steroid toxicity without serious adverse effects."
6.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 01/01/2023 - "Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of leflunomide in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) disease control and glucocorticoid attenuation. "
7.	Immunosuppressive Agents (Immunosuppressants)IBA 01/01/1978 - "[Contribution to the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis by means of immunosuppressive agents]." 06/01/1973 - "[Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with immunosuppressive agents]." 09/01/1980 - "[Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis; long-term follow-up in 10 patients treated with corticoids and immunosuppressive agents]." 01/01/2019 - "We initiated hydroxy-chloroquine and azathioprine early in treatment along with steroids in seven children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, and observed that early introduction of second line immunosuppressants helped in reducing disease flare and steroid toxicity without serious adverse effects."
8.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2003 - "The authors reports 2 cases of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis diagnoses in the pediatric department of Sfax: a 20 month old boy and an 8 year old girl successfully treated with inhaled beclomethazone dipropionate using doses of 500_g/day and low dose oral prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg one day/2)." 03/07/1959 - "[Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in small children; remission following a high-dosed intermittent prednisolone therapy]." 01/01/1993 - "Long-term prednisolone therapy in children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis."
9.	Chloroquine (Aralen)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1997 - "Chloroquine in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. " 08/01/1995 - "Effectiveness of chloroquine therapy in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis." 01/01/2019 - "We initiated hydroxy-chloroquine and azathioprine early in treatment along with steroids in seven children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, and observed that early introduction of second line immunosuppressants helped in reducing disease flare and steroid toxicity without serious adverse effects."
10.	CortisoneFDA Link 02/01/1957 - "Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis; report of a case with apparent remission from cortisone." 03/01/1956 - "Cortisone treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/01/1985 - "A long-term study of six children suffering idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) was realized, in order to evaluate prognostic factors and the best therapy. " 01/01/2022 - "Liposteroid Therapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis: A Scoping Review of the Literature." 12/01/2015 - "Erratum to: Long-term liposteroid therapy for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis." 11/01/2013 - "Long-term liposteroid therapy for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis." 06/15/2007 - "[Diagnostics and therapy of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]."
2.	Splenectomy 11/01/1952 - "[A case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis cured by splenectomy]." 02/01/1957 - "[Value of splenectomy in the therapy of essential pulmonary hemosiderosis]." 09/01/1951 - "[Indications for splenectomy in certain aspects of hypersplenism (purpura and pulmonary hemosiderosis)]."
3.	Anesthesia 06/01/1995 - "This is a report of a case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in a child which was successfully managed during anesthesia and in the intensive care unit with total remission of the disease. " 11/01/2009 - "[Anesthesia for elective cesarean section in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]." 06/01/1995 - "Pulmonary hemosiderosis represents challenges during anesthesia and intensive care management. "
4.	Blood Transfusion (Blood Transfusions) 10/01/2006 - "The study included six patients (7-20 years) with thalassemia major (TM) who had received multiple blood transfusions, one with hereditary spherocytosis (four blood transfusions) and one with sickle cell disease (never transfused); they were compared to three children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) (2.5-7.0 years) as positive controls. "
5.	Lung Transplantation 01/01/2021 - "Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Associated with Emphysematous Change in an Adult Who Underwent Lung Transplantation." 01/01/2020 - "We also demonstrate that disease recurrence of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis following lung transplantation is possible." 01/01/2020 - "Disease recurrence after lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis." 12/15/2002 - "Recurrence of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in a young adult patient after bilateral single-lung transplantation." 06/01/1997 - "The challenges of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and lung transplantation."