Leflunomide (Arava)

An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1299 relevant articles (178 outcomes, 203 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Strand, V: 12 articles (09/2014 - 02/2000)
2.	Emery, Paul: 11 articles (01/2020 - 02/2002)
3.	Smolen, Josef S: 10 articles (01/2020 - 06/2004)
4.	Wiese, Michael D: 8 articles (01/2021 - 07/2012)
5.	Cutolo, Maurizio: 8 articles (01/2020 - 05/2009)
6.	Dougados, Maxime: 8 articles (01/2020 - 06/2003)
7.	Emery, P: 8 articles (11/2007 - 05/2000)
8.	Strand, Vibeke: 8 articles (04/2005 - 01/2002)
9.	Proudman, Susanna M: 7 articles (01/2021 - 07/2012)
10.	Cannon, Grant W: 7 articles (06/2018 - 11/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Rheumatoid Arthritis 10/01/2008 - "Leflunomide is an immunomodulating agent with proven efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. " 11/01/2000 - "In phase II and III clinical trials of active rheumatoid arthritis, leflunomide was shown to improve primary and secondary outcome measures with a satisfactory safety profile. " 01/01/2023 - "Although Leflunomide (LEF) is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are still a considerable number of patients who respond poorly to LEF treatment. " 12/01/2002 - "It has been shown that leflunomide is effective in treating active rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in a placebo-controlled phase II study. " 04/01/2002 - "Leflunomide, a new oral immunomodulatory agent, is effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. "
2.	Viremia 01/01/2018 - "Notwithstanding, in our experience, leflunomide proved to be particularly effective as an anti-CMV secondary prophylaxis treatment and for clearing low-grade viremia. " 02/01/2017 - "Leflunomide has been shown to be effective in the treatment of systemic CMV viremia. " 05/01/2013 - "Eighteen of 22 cleared BKV viremia, and 12 of 22 had preserved allograft function; only two graft losses occurred in the screening era among leflunomide-treated patients. " 08/27/2010 - "Leflunomide was initiated after a median of three episodes of CMV viremia, with a mean peak viral load of 245,826 copies/mL. Initial clearance of CMV viremia was observed in 14 of 17 patients (82%), and 9 of 17 (53%) patients achieved a long-term suppression of CMV recurrences. " 11/01/2007 - "In KT patients diagnosed with PVAN, leflunomide plus reduced immunosuppression improved graft function in 66.6%, cleared BKV viremia in 42%, and resulted in side effects in 17%. "
3.	Arthritis (Polyarthritis) 01/01/2005 - "In this open study of patients with active AS only those with peripheral arthritis improved significantly with leflunomide treatment. " 02/01/2010 - "Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008)." 01/01/2016 - "This study included individuals enrolled in the Early Arthritis inception cohort at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between 2000 and 2013 who received leflunomide. " 09/22/2022 - "Development and Evaluation of Novel Leflunomide SPION Bioemulsomes for the Intra-Articular Treatment of Arthritis." 07/01/2017 - "Clinical effectiveness and safety of leflunomide in inflammatory arthritis: a report from the RAPPORT database with supporting patient survey."
4.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease) 01/01/1991 - "Thus, leflunomide, which is effective against autoimmune diseases and reactions leading to graft rejection, would seem to have a mode of action separating it from known immunosuppressive drugs." 09/15/2002 - "These results indicate that leflunomide might exert its anti-inflammatory activities in the treatment of autoimmune diseases by preventing the generation of proinflammatory Th1 effectors and promoting Th2 cell differentiation. " 07/01/1997 - "We investigated the effects of leflunomide in vivo and report that amelioration of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (lpr/lpr) mice by leflunomide is not accompanied by reduced PyN concentrations in lymph node cells. " 07/01/1997 - "In vivo mechanism by which leflunomide controls lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice." 10/01/1994 - "These results suggest that leflunomide may be useful for treating autoimmune diseases of the eye."
5.	Psoriasis (Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris) 06/01/2004 - "Significant differences in favor of leflunomide were also observed in the proportions of patients achieving modified American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria, improvement in the designated psoriasis target lesion, and mean changes from baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores and quality-of-life assessments. " 06/01/2004 - "Leflunomide is an effective treatment for PsA and psoriasis, providing a safe and convenient alternative to current therapies." 05/01/2004 - "Our data suggest that leflunomide for plaque-type psoriasis is a safe and clinically effective option as monotherapy. " 01/01/2006 - "Leflunomide has shown promise in the treatment of psoriasis. " 05/01/2004 - "To determine the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Methotrexate (Mexate)
2.	Prednisone (Sone)
3.	Antirheumatic Agents (DMARD)
4.	Infliximab (Remicade)
5.	Leflunomide (Arava)
6.	Immunosuppressive Agents (Immunosuppressants)
7.	Steroids
8.	teriflunomide
9.	Glucocorticoids
10.	Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Oral Administration
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation