Distal Femoral Fractures

Fractures of the distal FEMUR from the articular surface in the KNEE to the condylar region of the femur. A subset with a coronal-plane fracture of the distal femur condyle(s) is Hoffa Fracture.

Also Known As:

Femoral Fractures, Distal; Distal Femoral Fracture; Distal Femur Fracture; Femoral Fracture, Distal; Femur Fracture, Distal; Fracture, Distal Femoral; Fracture, Distal Femur; Distal Femur Fractures; Femur Fractures, Distal; Lateral Femoral Condyle Fractures; Medial Femoral Condyle Fractures

Networked: 325 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Wounds and Injuries: 176426
- Bone Fractures: 3857
  - Femoral Fractures: 2417
    - Distal Femoral Fractures: 325
- Leg Injuries: 75
  - Femoral Fractures: 2417
    - Distal Femoral Fractures: 325

Related Diseases

1.	Intra-Articular Fractures
2.	Infections
3.	Periprosthetic Fractures
4.	Osteoporosis
5.	Knee Osteoarthritis

Experts

1.	Yoon, Richard S: 6 articles (02/2022 - 09/2019)
2.	Kregor, Philip J: 6 articles (08/2008 - 01/2002)
3.	Gardner, Michael J: 4 articles (01/2022 - 08/2020)
4.	Liporace, Frank A: 4 articles (10/2021 - 09/2019)
5.	Zlowodzki, Michael: 4 articles (02/2008 - 09/2004)
6.	Bishop, Julius A: 3 articles (01/2022 - 08/2020)
7.	Goodnough, L Henry: 3 articles (01/2022 - 08/2020)
8.	Stoffel, Karl: 3 articles (10/2021 - 07/2007)
9.	Zhao, Kuo: 3 articles (03/2021 - 11/2020)
10.	Gueorguiev, Boyko: 3 articles (02/2021 - 11/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Distal Femoral Fractures:

1.	Carbon Fiber (Grafil)IBA 08/01/2021 - "The use of carbon fiber reinforced implants to address distal femur fractures has gained in popularity due to their favorable mechanical characteristics and potential for improved healing. " 06/15/2019 - "We present the case of a failure of a carbon fiber reinforced intramedullary femoral nail used in a closed distal femur fracture." 08/01/2021 - "Here is presented a novel case of early failure of a carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) plate applied for a distal femur fracture. " 08/01/2020 - "Evaluation of callus formation in distal femur fractures after carbon fiber composite versus stainless steel plate fixation." 01/01/2018 - "Early Comparative Outcomes of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plate in the Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures."
2.	PlasticsIBA 07/01/2007 - "The experimental results indicate for the distal femur fracture model that IF has less loss of reduction by plastic deformation under axial load compared to CP (IF 61% of CP). " 09/01/2006 - "Correct positioning of the LISS plate for fixation of distal femur fractures results in improved mechanical stability as reflected by an increased stiffness in axial loading and decreased plastic deformation at the bone-screw interface."
3.	Pyridinolcarbamate (P23)IBA 06/01/2012 - "Lysholm score results were mainly influenced by age-related entities and revealed fair results in all fractures (mean in the femoral shaft fracture group, 78.1 vs mean in the distal femoral fracture group, 74.9; P=.69), except in the periprosthetic subgroup, which had good results (mean, 84.8; P=.23). "
4.	ElementsIBA 01/01/2022 - "The results of this study show that finite element combined with computer-assisted preoperative planning can effectively help surgeons to make accurate and clinically relevant preoperative planning for distal femoral fractures, especially in the selection of appropriate plate length and screw positioning." 01/01/2022 - "The aims of this study are: (1) to describe the technique of finite element analysis combined with computer-assisted preoperative planning to determine a fixation method for distal femoral fractures and (2) to evaluate the intra-operative realization of this technology and the clinical outcomes based on it for distal femoral fractures. " 01/01/2021 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the strength of the locking plate and lag screw construct that is applied in two different working lengths on the simple distal femur fracture model with a finite element analysis (FEA) method. " 01/01/2021 - "This finite element study optimized far cortical locking (FCL) technology for early callus formation in distal femur fracture fixation with a 9-hole plate using FCL screws proximal to, and standard locking screws distal to, the fracture. " 01/01/2014 - "This study used a finite-element method to evaluate the differences between RIMN, LP, and LP/allograft fixation in treating periprosthetic distal femur fractures. "
5.	aldosterone secretion inhibitory factor (ASIF)IBA 05/11/2023 - "Six healthy pigs (Bama miniature pigs) were used to establish a model of bilateral comminuted distal femoral fracture (AO/ASIF: 33-C2). " 11/11/2022 - "A model of the fixed locking plate (AO/ASIF 33-A3) for distal femoral fractures with a gap of 2 cm was established based on data from 42 artificial femurs (SAWBONE). " 04/01/2015 - "A total of 17 male patients (mean age 28.53±6.33 years) presented with comminuted distal femur fractures (with 10 type C2 and 7 type C3-2 fractures according to AO/ASIF system) were included in this prospective study. " 05/01/2000 - "The AO ASIF dynamic condylar screw is a popular method for the treatment of severe distal femoral fractures. " 01/01/1989 - "The dynamic condylar screw (DCS) is a new implant engineered by the AO/ASIF Group for use in management of proximal and distal femoral fractures. "
6.	TitaniumIBA 12/01/2023 - "The use of a titanium cage implanted into an induced membrane in a 2-staged Masquelet protocol could achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in cases of segmental defects following open distal femur fractures." 12/01/2023 - "We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 23 patients treated for segmental bone defects post open distal femur fracture using a titanium mesh cage combined with the Masquelet technique under a 2-staged protocol in our institution from 2017 to 2021. " 12/01/2023 - "Management of segmental defects post open distal femur fracture using a titanium cage combined with the Masquelet technique A single-centre report of 23 cases." 01/01/2023 - "Between 2001 to 2018, 76 patients with 82 proximal tibia and distal femur fractures (both acute fracture and nonunions) who were treated with a first-generation titanium, uniaxial locking plate with unicortical screws (FGLP), also known as a LISS plate (Synthes Paoli Pa), were identified and compared to 198 patients with 203 similar fracture patterns treated with 2nd and 3rd generation locking plates, or Later Generation Locking Plates (LGLP). " 07/29/2020 - "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a distal femoral fracture patient with renal osteopathy treated by internal fixation enhancement using a titanium cage and intramedullary nails. "
7.	Stainless Steel (Steel, Stainless)IBA 03/01/2014 - "Obesity, open fracture, occurrence of infection, and the use of stainless steel are prognostic risk factors of nonunion in distal femoral fractures treated with LLP independent of differing trends in how surgeons intervene in the management of nonunion." 08/01/2020 - "Evaluation of callus formation in distal femur fractures after carbon fiber composite versus stainless steel plate fixation." 09/01/2011 - "Unstable distal femur fracture constructs, created in sawbone specimens, fixed with stainless steel and titanium LISS implants, with or without bicortical locking screws proximally, show similar biomechanical properties under loading. " 09/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to test the effect of (1) titanium versus stainless steel metal and (2) locked unicortical versus bicortical shaft fixation on stiffness of Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) constructs in a mechanically unstable nonosteoporotic distal femur fracture model. " 01/01/2018 - "To evaluate the early clinical results of distal femur fractures treated with carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) plates compared with stainless steel (SS) lateral locking plates. "
8.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 08/01/2022 - "This study evaluated inpatient post-operative opioid consumption (0-24 h, 24-48 h, 48-72 h) and outpatient opioid demand (discharge to 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 90 days) in all patients ages 18 and older undergoing operative treatment of distal femur fractures at a single institution from 7/2013 to 7/2018 (n = 230). " 08/01/2022 - "In distal femur fracture surgery, RA was associated with increased inpatient and outpatient opioid demand after adjusting for baseline patient and treatment characteristics. " 08/01/2022 - "Regional anesthesia does not decrease inpatient or outpatient opioid demand in distal femur fracture surgery." 06/01/2021 - "Articular zone (pilon, plateau, and distal femur) fracture fixation was associated with the largest increases in opioid demand after lower extremity fracture fixation. " 08/01/2022 - "Regional anesthesia (RA) is sometimes used to decrease pain and opioid consumption in distal femur fractures. "
9.	MetalsIBA 09/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to test the effect of (1) titanium versus stainless steel metal and (2) locked unicortical versus bicortical shaft fixation on stiffness of Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) constructs in a mechanically unstable nonosteoporotic distal femur fracture model. "
10.	Cimetidine (Biomet)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2015 - "The objective of this study was to report on the safety, efficacy and clinical outcomes of the Polyax Locked Plating System (Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) in the management of acute (non-implant related and periprosthetic) distal femoral fractures. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Internal Fixators 02/01/2010 - "In contrast, the dynamic hip screw is the gold standard for stabilization of femoral neck and most pertrochanteric fractures, whereas the dynamic condylar screw is still an alternative to internal fixators for proximal and distal femoral fracture fixations." 01/01/2014 - "Internal fixators: a safe option for managing distal femur fractures?" 04/01/2012 - "The study was conducted between 2000 and 2008 and included 849 patients with 871 fractures receiving the selfdynamisable internal fixator (SIF) for proximal, diaphyseal and distal femur fractures. " 01/01/2018 - "The treatment of distal femoral fractures should be based on the type of fracture and the characteristics of internal fixators. " 09/01/2014 - "The blade-plate is the earliest of the contemporary internal fixation devices introduced for distal femoral fractures. "
2.	Bone Transplantation (Bone Grafting) 08/01/2023 - "To describe the surgical technique and the outcome of a case series of nonunion and malunion of distal femur fractures treated with an endosteal medial plate combined with a lateral locking plate and with autogenous bone grafting. " 06/01/2012 - "Despite metaphyseal bone loss, locking plates obviate the need for routine bone grafting of some open distal femur fractures. " 06/01/2012 - "Open distal femur fractures treated with lateral locked implants: union, secondary bone grafting, and predictive parameters." 03/01/2009 - "With the rigid fixation of the distal femoral fractures, bone grafting is frequently needed. " 01/01/2002 - "Malunion, loss of fixation, need for supplemental fixation, and need for bone grafting is common in the treatment of the C3 distal femur fracture. "
3.	Early Ambulation 01/01/2023 - "Early ambulation and good outcomes after using combined nail plate construct for fixation of distal femoral fractures: a retrospective series of 14 cases." 03/01/2023 - "Implants selected for use in the treatment of distal femur fracture should provide stable fixation and allow early mobilization especially at elder patients. " 12/01/2016 - "Compromised bone quality and the need for early mobilization continue to lead to implant failure in elderly patients with distal femoral fractures. " 01/01/2015 - "Compromised bone quality and the need for early mobilization still lead to high rates of implant failure in geriatric patients with distal femoral fractures. " 12/01/1982 - "In distal femoral fractures the goal should also be early mobilization, if necessary using surgical treatment."
4.	Bone Screws 09/01/2006 - "Correct positioning of the LISS plate for fixation of distal femur fractures results in improved mechanical stability as reflected by an increased stiffness in axial loading and decreased plastic deformation at the bone-screw interface."
5.	Intramedullary Fracture Fixation 02/01/2023 - "Comparison of outcomes of retrograde intramedullary nailing versus locking plate fixation in distal femur fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 936 patients in 16 studies." 12/01/2022 - "The purpose of this study was to report union rate, complications, and secondary procedures after open reduction and retrograde intramedullary nailing of comminuted, intra-articular, distal femur fractures. " 11/25/2022 - "This study aimed to assess differences in implant failure and bone union rates, amount of change in alignment of lower extremities, and walking ability between early weight-bearing (EWB) and late weight-bearing (LWB) groups following retrograde intramedullary nailing (RIMN) for distal femoral fracture (AO/OTA 33) (DFF) at multiple centers using propensity score matching. " 11/25/2022 - "Early weight bearing versus late weight bearing after intramedullary nailing for distal femoral fracture (AO/OTA 33) in elderly patients: A multicenter propensity-matched study." 02/01/2022 - "Overall, both locked plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing are comparable with respect to union and complications in distal femur fractures, but we need further larger and high quality randomized studies to evaluate the difference."