Antiviral Restriction Factors

A broad category of endogenous host cellular factors upregulated in response to pathogens (i.e., INTERFERON-stimulated genes) and recruited to interfere with VIRAL REPLICATION and/or trigger host antiviral CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 90 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 4 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Mar, Katrina B: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2014)
2.	Schoggins, John W: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2014)
3.	Londrigan, Sarah L: 2 articles (12/2020 - 12/2017)
4.	Reading, Patrick C: 2 articles (12/2020 - 12/2017)
5.	Saunders, Philippa M: 2 articles (12/2020 - 12/2017)
6.	Zheng, Haixue: 2 articles (05/2020 - 01/2020)
7.	Zhu, Zixiang: 2 articles (05/2020 - 01/2020)
8.	Luban, Jeremy: 2 articles (01/2020 - 11/2011)
9.	Gale, Michael: 2 articles (12/2019 - 11/2016)
10.	Savan, Ram: 2 articles (12/2019 - 11/2016)

Related Diseases

1.	Reinfection 01/01/2020 - "Induction of sufficient levels of neutralizing antibodies has been strongly correlated with protection against reinfection in various models, while the role of CD8 T cells as antiviral effectors in the CNS has been controversial. "
2.	Infections 07/01/2011 - "Previous studies identified the ND10-components PML and hDaxx as cellular restriction factors that independently counteract human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection via the repression of viral immediate-early (IE) gene expression. " 01/01/2021 - "In functional assays, we demonstrate that at least three of these X. laevis RTPs inhibit infection by RNA viruses, suggesting that RTP homologs may serve as antiviral effectors outside of Mammalia." 12/19/2019 - "Natural killer (NK) cells are important antiviral effectors that adapt to HCMV infection by expansion of virus-specific effector/memory cells. " 01/01/2019 - "Natural killer (NK) cells are critical antiviral effectors of the immune system; however, limited information is available about these innate effector cells during HIV-2 infection. " 01/01/2018 - "TRIM5α and BST-2 are cellular restriction factors affecting the HIV-1 infection and its progression. "
3.	Virus Diseases (Viral Diseases) 10/03/2023 - "Restriction factors are the first-line antiviral effectors encoded by the host genomes and are often conserved through evolution to protect the hosts from morbidity, mortality, and even extinction associated with viral infections. " 01/01/2022 - "IMPORTANCE Mammalian host defense against viral infection includes broad-acting cellular restriction factors, as well as effectors of intrinsic and innate immunity. " 01/01/2021 - "After viral infection, the host shows crucial defense responses, such as stimulation of antiviral effectors to restrict viral replication. " 01/01/2021 - "Here, we review recent developments in the field, which begin to shed light on the mechanisms involved in sensing of viral infections and in signalling leading to production of antiviral effectors." 01/01/2020 - "Most cells respond to viral infections by activating innate immune pathways that lead to the induction of antiviral restriction factors. "
4.	Zika Virus Infection 01/01/2021 - "The dynamic between IFN response and ZIKV infection kinetics in SC remains unclear, therefore we further determined whether MX1 and IFIT1 serve as antiviral effectors against ZIKV. " 01/01/2021 - "The data in this study highlight IFN-I as a driver of the antiviral state that limits ZIKV infection in SC and suggests that MX1 and IFIT1 function as antiviral effectors against ZIKV in SC. "
5.	COVID-19 04/29/2021 - "CD8+ T cells are important antiviral effectors that can potentiate long-lived immunity against COVID-19, but a detailed characterization of these cells has been hampered by technical challenges. " 10/26/2022 - "COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a devastating impact on global public health, emphasizing the importance of understanding innate immune mechanisms and cellular restriction factors that cells can harness to fight viral infections. " 10/16/2020 - "Altogether, our results show that ZAP is an important effector of the innate response against SARS-CoV-2, although this pandemic pathogen emerged from zoonosis of a coronavirus that was preadapted to the low-CpG environment in humans.IMPORTANCE Although interferons inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and have been evaluated for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the most effective types and antiviral effectors remain to be defined. " 01/01/2021 - "SARS-CoV-2 infection of Calu-3 cells caused a strong induction of the antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature, including several antiviral effectors, such as cGAS, Mx1, IFIT, IFIH, IFI16, IFI44, OAS, and ISG15, pathways of vesicular transport, tight junctions (KIF5A/B/C, OSBPL2, CLTCL1, and ARHGAP17) and ubiquitin modification (UBE2L3/5), as well as reprogramming of host metabolism, transcription and translation. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Neutralizing Antibodies
2.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)
3.	Interferons
4.	Ubiquitin
5.	Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins (SUMO Proteins)
6.	Retroelements (Retrotransposon)
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
8.	Cytokines
9.	Interferon Type I
10.	Pattern Recognition Receptors

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics