Hemorrhagic Stroke

Stroke due to rupture of a weakened blood vessel in the brain (e.g., CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES; CEREBELLUM; SUBARACHNOID SPACE).

Also Known As:

Hemorrhage Stroke, Intracerebral; Hemorrhagic Stroke, Intracerebral; Hemorrhagic Stroke, Subarachnoid; Hemorrhagic Strokes; Intracerebral Hemorrhage Strokes; Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Strokes; Stroke, Hemorrhagic; Stroke, Intracerebral Hemorrhage; Stroke, Intracerebral Hemorrhagic; Stroke, Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic; Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Strokes; Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke; Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke; Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Stroke

Networked: 2041 relevant articles (86 outcomes, 319 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Ischemic Stroke
4.	Myocardial Infarction
5.	Embolism (Embolus)

Experts

1.	Iso, Hiroyasu: 14 articles (11/2021 - 08/2002)
2.	Uchiyama, Shinichiro: 12 articles (07/2021 - 09/2003)
3.	Greenberg, Steven M: 12 articles (01/2021 - 01/2002)
4.	Montaner, Joan: 12 articles (01/2021 - 06/2006)
5.	Steiner, Thorsten: 11 articles (01/2022 - 01/2009)
6.	Giugliano, Robert P: 11 articles (01/2021 - 09/2011)
7.	Mayer, Stephan A: 8 articles (01/2022 - 02/2007)
8.	Tsivgoulis, Georgios: 8 articles (01/2022 - 09/2016)
9.	Yamagishi, Kazumasa: 8 articles (11/2021 - 06/2004)
10.	Braunwald, Eugene: 8 articles (01/2021 - 08/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hemorrhagic Stroke:

1.	Warfarin (Coumadin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2017 - "In randomized control trials, the Watchman™ device has demonstrated superiority over OAC with warfarin for all cause and cardiovascular mortality and hemorrhagic stroke. " 08/01/2013 - "Trials comparing LAA occlusion to warfarin anticoagulation in patients with nonvalvular AF showed a reduction in hemorrhagic stroke, although an increase in safety events due to procedural complications. " 01/01/2013 - "Moreover, historical studies suggest that warfarin increases the incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in HD patients. " 01/01/2022 - "Hemorrhagic stroke risk was greater among warfarin patients versus registry patients (1.44% vs 0.20%; HR: 5.871, P = 0.03). " 01/01/2022 - "In non-Latin American patients with AF, for the effectiveness outcomes, the use of DOACs compared with warfarin was significantly associated with decreased risks of SSE (HR = 0.87; 95%CI.75-1.00), hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 0.41; 95%CI.28-0.60), cardiovascular death (HR = 0.87; 95% CI.81-0.94), all-cause death (HR = 0.90; 95% CI.85-0.94). "
2.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 12/09/1998 - "Aspirin and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 05/01/1998 - "We analyzed the relationship between the regular use of aspirin and incident ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among people aged 65 years or older participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study. " 01/01/1998 - "Furthermore, some studies indicate an increased risk of hemorrhagic strokes in aspirin users. " 06/23/2023 - "The use of aspirin for the primary prevention especially in the elderly should be very cautious because the old age is a strong risk factor for 90-day mortality after hemorrhagic stroke." 06/23/2023 - "Pre-aspirin use in cardiovascular events has detrimental effects on severe neurological disability in hemorrhagic stroke and short-/long-term mortality in 3 cardiovascular events. "
3.	AnticoagulantsIBA 03/15/2022 - "Characteristics of Ischemic Versus Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients Receiving Oral Anticoagulants: Results of the PASTA Study." 10/01/2012 - "Importantly, new oral anticoagulants significantly reduced hemorrhagic stroke in all three studies. " 12/01/2023 - "Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke can occur to patients treated with oral anticoagulants (OAC), through lack of effectiveness or overdosing. " 10/01/2021 - "The association of individual anticoagulant use with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke was studied in patients with or without permanent AF using multivariable conditional logistic models, controlled for clinically significant risk factors and multiple other cardiovascular risk factors. " 08/01/2018 - "Microbleeds in ischemic vs hemorrhagic strokes on novel oral anticoagulants."
4.	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)IBA 01/01/2022 - "However, there is concern from trials that statins might increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, partially reducing their benefit. " 12/10/2019 - "However, most statin trials failed to show an association between statin use and increased hemorrhagic stroke risk. " 12/10/2019 - "Subgroup analysis of a previous randomized trial has raised concerns of a potentially elevated risk of recurrent ICH in patients with previous hemorrhagic stroke who are administered statins. " 09/01/2016 - "Previous study indicated that high-dose statin treatment might increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and adverse reactions. " 12/01/2015 - "Concern was raised by previously published post hoc analyses and observational studies that noted an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients receiving a statin. "
5.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2013 - "Heparin infusion through a central line misplaced in the carotid artery leading to hemorrhagic stroke." 04/01/2012 - "Effects of heparin on synaptic activity in the hemorrhagic stroke model in vitro." 01/01/2011 - "The effect of heparin on the activity of cerebral neurons under conditions of hemorrhagic stroke model was studied in vitro using brain slices of hypertensive rats. " 01/01/2011 - "[Effect of heparin on the neuron bioelectric activity in a hemorrhagic stroke model in vitro]." 10/01/1994 - "Heparin, at a slightly higher dose than previously used in a large-scale trial (approximately 20% increase) was accompanied by a twofold risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy. "
6.	Dabigatran FDA Link 07/01/2013 - "The results show that dabigatran reduces the number of events, especially the most severe such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as their long-term sequelae. " 02/01/2012 - "The rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 1.2 and 1.0 per 1,000 patients treated on 110 and 150 mg of dabigatran, respectively. " 01/01/2022 - "A stroke complication was found in 8 patients (20%), two of them were hemorrhagic stroke and they were on dabigatran. " 05/01/2011 - "Overall bleeding risks were similar; however, dabigatran may be associated with a lower incidence of intracranial bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke but a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. " 04/01/2023 - "The SOPs aim to reassure stroke physicians to include dabigatran reversal into their daily clinical routine when dealing with patients presenting with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke under dabigatran therapy."
7.	Vitamin K FDA Link 02/01/2017 - "Vitamin K antagonist almost doubled the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, but this did not reach the limit of statistical significance (4 studies, n = 16.365; HR 1.93; 0.93-3.98). " 04/25/2021 - "Late mortality involved one patient in connection with a hemorrhagic stroke secondary to an accident with vitamin K antagonists after its release in one month. " 04/01/2017 - "We sought to examine the benefits and harms of bridging anticoagulation across the spectrum of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk and thereby enable more nuanced, risk-stratified decision-making when bridging is considered during initiation or interruption of vitamin K antagonists. " 01/01/2017 - "This review covers the latest developments in managing ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and NOACs. " 02/01/2016 - "One patient in group II died following cerebral hemorrhagic stroke related to accident with vitamin K antagonist. "
8.	Cilostazol (Pletal)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2016 - "Here, we review the protective effects of cilostazol on the blood-brain barrier that result in the prevention of hemorrhagic stroke, discuss the results we obtained using multiple hemorrhagic stroke models, and introduce potential future applications of cilostazol. " 07/01/2016 - "Therefore, we evaluated the protective effects and mechanisms of cilostazol against hemorrhagic stroke. " 07/01/2016 - "Protective effects of cilostazol against hemorrhagic stroke: Current and future perspectives." 08/01/2023 - "Continuous treatment of cilostazol in patients with HD with PAD significantly decreases the risk of ED visits, hemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular events and improves ED visit-free and cardiovascular event-free rates during long-term follow-up." 08/01/2023 - "Continuous cilostazol use was independently associated with lower risk of ED visits, hemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratios: 0.79, 0.29, and 0.67; 95% confidence intervals: 0.62-0.98, 0.10-0.84, and 0.48-0.96, respectively; all p＜.05). "
9.	IronIBA 09/01/2022 - "The Role of Iron in Hemorrhagic Stroke." 01/01/2020 - "The iron levels in nasal exudate were higher in hemorrhagic stroke patients. " 01/01/2020 - "We studied iron nasal exudate levels in 32 ischemic and 43 hemorrhagic stroke patients. " 01/01/2020 - "Determination of iron in nasal exudate by ICP-MS allowed differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes." 01/01/2019 - "Pharmacological agents targeting brain iron regulation hold promise as potentially effective treatments in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke."
10.	Antihypertensive Agents (Antihypertensives)IBA 04/01/2016 - "Effective and safe antihypertensive drug dramatically reduced incidence of hemorrhagic stroke Although intravenous thrombolysis is effective therapeutic strategy, only limited patient can receive the benefit due to narrow time window. " 01/01/2022 - "Systolic Blood Pressure Variability When Transitioning From Intravenous to Enteral Antihypertensive Agents in Patients With Hemorrhagic Strokes." 12/30/2020 - "Out of all the survivors of hemorrhagic stroke, 80.9% were aware of their hypertensive condition, 70.5% of the patients were in antihypertensive medications treatment, and only 12% of the patients had their blood pressure under control. " 01/01/2018 - "To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of different antihypertensive drugs in stable patients after acute hemorrhagic stroke (HS). " 01/01/2018 - "We evaluated adherence to antihypertensive medication in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and its effects on long-term outcome. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2017 - "A series of complex pathophysiological cascades contribute to the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, and no therapies have proven effective to prevent hemorrhagic stroke. " 09/01/2015 - "The patients presenting with hemorrhagic stroke did not experience any significant improvement of psychomotor parameters from transcranial magnetic therapy and transcranial micropolarization. " 09/01/2015 - "The patients presenting with hemorrhagic stroke did not experience any significant improvement of psychomotor parameters from transcranial magnetic therapy and transcranial micropolarization. " 01/01/2019 - "Here we review the current studies focusing on MSC therapy for hemorrhagic stroke in an effort to summarize the status of preclinical and clinical research. " 01/01/2019 - "In the last decade, preclinical research focusing on mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy in experimental animal models of hemorrhagic stroke has gained momentum and has led to the development of a small number of human trials. "
2.	Induced Hypothermia 03/01/2018 - "Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has shown good results in experimental models of hemorrhagic stroke. " 11/12/2013 - "Acute and delayed protective effects of pharmacologically induced hypothermia in an intracerebral hemorrhage stroke model of mice." 03/01/2018 - "Effect and Feasibility of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." 01/01/2011 - "There was a statistically significant improvement at 6 months and 1 year follow-up using the mRS score in the hypothermia group, indicating a possible beneficial effect of early therapeutic hypothermia in the management of acute hemorrhagic stroke. " 10/01/2010 - "We review the state of therapeutic hypothermia in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and provide an outlook for its role in stroke therapy."
3.	Transplantation 05/01/2022 - "Our findings revealed CO preconditioning as a promising treatment strategy to improve efficacy of NSCs transplantation after hemorrhagic stroke." 01/01/2023 - "Consecutive patients who received LT or KT between January 2005 to December 2020 who were diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke after transplantation were enrolled. " 01/01/2017 - "Using bioinformatics methods, we sought to predict novel therapeutic targets of endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous NSC transplantation for functional recovery after hemorrhagic stroke, which could also advance our understanding of its pathophysiology." 01/01/2017 - "We investigated donor origin and infiltration of islets transplanted in the liver of a T1D patient who died of hemorrhagic stroke 4 months after successful transplantation with two intraportal islet grafts combining six donors. " 11/01/2016 - "Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a promising approach to repair the damaged brain after hemorrhagic stroke; however, it is largely limited by the poor survival of donor cells. "
4.	Secondary Prevention 09/01/1997 - "The aim of this trial was to verify the presence of false normotensive patients in order to optimize the secondary prevention of hypertensive cerebrovascular damage (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke). " 01/01/2022 - "The problem of hemorrhagic stroke at a young age is complex and relevant, since the etiological factor of the disease at this age differs significantly from that in older age groups, requires adequate diagnostic searches to identify the etiopathogenetic factor and subsequent secondary prevention. " 01/01/2021 - "Given the fewer rate of hemorrhagic stroke, the risk of hemorrhagic stroke might not outweigh the benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention." 10/01/1980 - "Thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes complicating early therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia." 01/01/2014 - "The critical review of the key achievements in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke of the past 15 years is presented in the article including stroke epidemiology and classification, experimental models, treatment of malignant edema after stroke, thrombolytic therapy, surgical treatment of intracranial hematomas, surgery on extracranial arteries, polyorganic insufficiency syndrome, secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke, neuroprotection and early rehabilitation. "
5.	Length of Stay 01/01/2020 - "This study examines the effect of comorbidity on the length of stay (LoS) and mortality among immobile hemorrhagic stroke patients younger than 50 years. " 03/01/2015 - "[Conclusion] The results of the present study suggests that CCI independently influences the length of stay after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and that variables with significant relationships with the log-transformed length of stay need to be continuously managed. " 01/01/2022 - "Neurological complications either ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes were common during pediatric post-cardiotomy ECMO and were significantly related to prolonged ECMO support and hospital stay. " 01/01/2021 - "Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models confirmed that PSE associated with hemorrhagic stroke, younger age, and longer duration of hospital stay. " 01/01/2021 - "Patients with PSE were younger (64 vs. 76 years), more frequently presented with hemorrhagic stroke, and had longer hospital stay (15.5 vs. 11.2 days) compared with patients without PSE. "