Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Drugs that block negative regulator IMMUNE CHECKPOINT proteins (e.g., PD-1 RECEPTOR and CTLA-4 ANTIGEN) thereby increasing suppressed immune activation in immunotherapies.

Also Known As:

Blockade, PD-1-PD-L1; CTLA 4 Inhibitor; CTLA 4 Inhibitors; Checkpoint Blockade, Immune; Checkpoint Blockers, Immune; Checkpoint Inhibition, Immune; Checkpoint Inhibitor, Immune; Checkpoint Inhibitors, Immune; Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 Inhibitor; Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 Inhibitors; Inhibitor, PD-1; PD 1 Inhibitor; PD 1 Inhibitors; PD 1 PD L1 Blockade; PD L1 Inhibitor; PD L1 Inhibitors; Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors; CTLA-4 Inhibitor; CTLA-4 Inhibitors; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Inhibitor; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Inhibitors; Immune Checkpoint Blockade; Immune Checkpoint Blockers; Immune Checkpoint Inhibition; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor; PD-1 Inhibitor; PD-1 Inhibitors; PD-1-PD-L1 Blockade; PD-L1 Inhibitor; PD-L1 Inhibitors; Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor; Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitors; Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibitors

Networked: 22629 relevant articles (3400 outcomes, 2593 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Chemical Actions and Uses
- Pharmacologic Actions: 160
  - Therapeutic Uses: 47080
    - Antineoplastic Agents: 20689
      - Immunological Antineoplastic Agents: 2
        Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: 22629
  - Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action: 24
    - Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: 22629

Experts

1.	Zhang, Li: 88 articles (10/2022 - 06/2015)
2.	Johnson, Douglas B: 86 articles (10/2022 - 12/2013)
3.	Hodi, F Stephen: 74 articles (05/2022 - 03/2013)
4.	Schadendorf, Dirk: 60 articles (03/2022 - 01/2016)
5.	Long, Georgina V: 59 articles (05/2022 - 02/2015)
6.	Sullivan, Ryan J: 57 articles (11/2022 - 03/2013)
7.	Reynolds, Kerry L: 52 articles (11/2022 - 01/2018)
8.	Choueiri, Toni K: 49 articles (10/2022 - 11/2015)
9.	Ott, Patrick A: 49 articles (01/2022 - 06/2013)
10.	Wolchok, Jedd D: 48 articles (11/2022 - 07/2013)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 10/01/2023 - "Seminal studies identified that dMMR/MSI-H tumors are exquisitely sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which has dramatically improved outcomes for patients harboring dMMR/MSI-H tumors. " 03/01/2019 - "Considering the remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, the FDA has approved a variety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced tumors. " 11/29/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are highly effective in cancer treatment; however, the risks associated with the treatment must be carefully balanced against the therapeutic benefits. " 10/11/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors are highly effective in treating various cancers. " 08/19/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer care and shown remarkable efficacy clinically. "
2.	Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung) 07/05/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most promising treatment option for patients without druggable mutations and have been shown to improve survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) BM in clinical trials with good safety. " 01/01/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors are highly effective in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and promising preoperatively in small clinical trials for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. " 06/01/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors or PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have led to remarkable improvement in outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). " 02/27/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are regarded as the most promising treatment for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). " 03/27/2022 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically improved the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients and have increased the possibility of long-term survival. "
3.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 04/01/2022 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly anti-PD-1-based immune checkpoint inhibitors, have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma and are currently deemed a standard of care. " 01/01/2021 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically improved outcomes in melanoma. " 05/01/2020 - "The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically improved the chance of surviving malignant melanomas; however, the effect comes at the cost of toxicities that are difficult to predict. " 01/01/2020 - "Although treatment with BRAF inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided promising results, most patients with advanced melanoma are resistant to these treatments and develop severe side effects. " 01/01/2017 - "Both immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecularly targeted agents have dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma. "
4.	Renal Cell Carcinoma (Grawitz Tumor) 02/07/2023 - "Combinations of Anti-Angiogenic Agents and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Best Option?" 01/01/2023 - "The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and has dramatically improved the outcomes of patients. " 01/01/2022 - "In the last recent years, the introduction in the clinical setting of treatment combinations having immune checkpoint inhibitors as the backbone has dramatically improved the outcomes of patients suffering from advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). " 01/01/2022 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an appearance in clinical practice, and the treatment outcome of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) has dramatically improved as a result. " 01/27/2023 - "Complete Response in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: Remission or Healing? "
5.	Lung Neoplasms (Lung Cancer) 07/23/2023 - "The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to a marked improvement in the outcomes of lung cancer patients. " 01/01/2021 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proven to be effective treatment for lung cancer. " 07/01/2021 - "With the introduction of molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the overall survival (OS) of patients with lung cancer has been significantly improved, and the original traditional clinical research endpoints are no longer suitable for existing clinical research. " 03/20/2021 - "In recent years, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has significantly improved the prognosis of some lung cancer patients, however, the objective response rate of patients receiving ICI alone is low. " 03/01/2020 - "The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of lung cancer has significantly improved the outcome of these patients. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)
2.	Nivolumab
3.	Ligands
4.	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
5.	pembrolizumab
6.	Antibodies
7.	B7-H1 Antigen
8.	Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
9.	Ipilimumab
10.	Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Immunotherapy
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Radiotherapy
5.	Neoadjuvant Therapy