Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

A cytological test finding that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL cells.

Also Known As:

HSIL, High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; LSIL ASC-H; LSIL, Atypical Squamous Cells Cannot Exclude HSIL; LSIL, Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; HSIL, High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; Intraepithelial Lesion, Squamous; LSIL, Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; LSIL, Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; Lesions, Squamous Intraepithelial; Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; HSIL, High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; LSIL, Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

Networked: 1070 relevant articles (45 outcomes, 170 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Morphological and Microscopic Findings: 1
  - Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: 1070
    - Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix: 11

Related Diseases

1.	Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
2.	Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix
3.	Papillomavirus Infections
4.	Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
5.	Infections

Experts

1.	Palefsky, Joel M: 16 articles (01/2019 - 04/2002)
2.	Massad, L Stewart: 11 articles (10/2021 - 07/2004)
3.	Schiffman, Mark: 11 articles (10/2020 - 01/2002)
4.	Stoler, Mark H: 10 articles (10/2021 - 08/2006)
5.	Strickler, Howard D: 10 articles (10/2021 - 07/2004)
6.	Castle, Philip E: 10 articles (10/2020 - 08/2004)
7.	Minkoff, Howard: 10 articles (07/2014 - 07/2004)
8.	Darragh, Teresa M: 9 articles (01/2019 - 05/2002)
9.	Levine, Alexandra M: 9 articles (07/2014 - 07/2004)
10.	Franco, Eduardo L: 8 articles (10/2020 - 12/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions:

1.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 08/01/2016 - "Colposcopy examinations were performed among 33.4% of the women with positive results on at least 1 of the tests (HPV DNA positive and/or cytology with atypical squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance, cannot exclude high-grade lesion or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions), and 59.5% of these women underwent biopsies. " 10/01/2023 - "The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)-positive detection between DNA ploidy analysis and LBC were compared according to histopathology diagnosis as the golden criteria, and the efficacy of predicting HSIL-positive immediate risk was evaluated. " 07/15/2006 - "Using high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) histopathology as the threshold and gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were: 0.47 and 0.96 for conventional cytology, 0.91 and 0.80 for HC II, and 0.59 and 0.93 for DNA ploidy. " 04/01/2013 - "To study the DNA ploidy pattern of uterine cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and its diagnostic and prognostic significance. " 03/01/2000 - "This study addresses the question of whether testing women who have low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) of the uterine cervix for HPV DNA is useful as a triage strategy. "
2.	AcidsIBA 10/26/2023 - "Comparative study of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy and surgery for the treatment of vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesion." 09/01/2022 - "Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions." 12/01/2022 - "Efficacy of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with high-risk HPV infection: A retrospective study." 09/01/2023 - "Effect of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy versus therapy combined with CO2 laser pretreatment for patients with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions." 09/01/2022 - "Evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in postmenopausal women with persistent HPV infection with or without cervical and vaginal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN1/VaIN1)."
3.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 09/01/2022 - "We investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of ALA-PDT in treatment of patients with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and evaluated the factors that effect the efficacy of PDT. " 09/01/2022 - "After numerous rounds of meetings, experts unanimously agreed on the importance of ALA-PDT in the treatment of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), vaginal SIL, vulvar SIL, vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), and condyloma acuminatumon (CA). " 12/01/2021 - "To evaluate the histologic response rate of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) of the cervix after photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment in women with fertility requirements. " 09/01/2022 - "To evaluate the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in the treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix (HSIL). " 06/01/2021 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for the treatment of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). "
4.	Papillomavirus Vaccines (HPV Vaccines)IBA 10/01/2016 - "Immunization with the quadrivalent or 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine, which is effective against human papillomavirus genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18, and 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, respectively, has been shown to decrease the risk of vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (VIN usual type) and should be recommended for girls aged 11-12 years with catch-up through age 26 years if not vaccinated in the target age. " 10/01/2016 - "Immunization with the quadrivalent or 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine, which is effective against human papillomavirus genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18, and 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, respectively, has been shown to decrease the risk of vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (VIN usual type) and should be recommended for girls aged 11-12 years with catch-up through age 26 years if not vaccinated in the target age. " 07/02/2020 - "Preliminary results suggest that the HPV vaccine is effective in the prevention of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions even after local treatment. " 06/09/2023 - "From 2006 to November 2022, only one study evaluated the efficacy of HPV vaccination with respect to preventing vulvovaginal recurrences in treated women and showed that a quadrivalent HPV vaccine administered after the surgical treatment of vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) can reduce vulvar recurrence of the disease. " 09/18/2023 - "We investigated HPV vaccine effectiveness against anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse (HSIL+) in a nationwide cohort including all Danish women aged (17-32 years) during October 2006-December 2021 (N = 968,881). "
5.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 01/01/2019 - "High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions constituted the most frequent cervical pathology in women with abnormal Pap test results, as well as with the positive results of HR HPV E6/E7 mRNA test. " 01/01/2021 - "This study reports the largest routine clinical follow-up study reported to date of hrHPV mRNA cotesting and histopathologic follow-up results for women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology results. " 06/01/2011 - "In particular, the study analyzed the mRNA test performance as the third test in a subgroup of HC2+ patients with less severe than high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL-). " 01/01/2022 - "To assess the predictive worth of HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection in the outcome of the cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). " 01/01/2021 - "Routine cytology, HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, histology, and p16 immunohistochemistry were performed in tissues from 142 patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. "
6.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 03/01/2022 - "The most important is the introduction of new targeted treatment-checkpoint inhibitors, with a new task for pathologists, who may help to predict the response to treatment by analyzing the expression of targeted proteins in biopsy samples. Precancerous lesions remain a controversial topic and, similarly to other organs, it is acceptable to use the terms "dysplasia" or "squamous intraepithelial lesion" (SIL), but there is a slight difference between low-grade dysplasia and low-grade SIL: in the former, mild atypia must be present, while the latter also includes hyperplastic epithelium without atypia. " 10/01/2010 - "The correlative analysis of p16 status and protein L1HPV expression can be very useful in the assessment of progression risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions." 08/01/2019 - "Expression of Bmi1 protein gradually increased across samples from the normal cervix (1/47; 2.12%), high‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (5/42; 16.13%) and cervical carcinomas (31/71; 43.66%; P<0.05). " 03/01/2001 - "The results revealed that E5 protein was primarily expressed in the lower third of the epithelium in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and throughout the whole epithelium in high-grade SILs. " 07/01/1996 - "The present study was designed to analyze the expression of p53, mdm2, and bcl-2 proteins, with special emphasis on their association with the grade of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), human papillomavirus (HPV) type, and clinical course of the disease. "
7.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2019 - "The present study was performed to test whether the cervical microbiome influences vaccine responses and to explore host factors as determinants of the cervical microbiome composition in women with biopsy-proven high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. " 01/01/2023 - "The 2021 Chinese Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine recommended vaccination for women who previously received ablative or excisional treatment for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). " 01/01/2021 - "We describe a woman who received a human papillomavirus (HPV) therapeutic vaccine called PepCan, and experienced complete resolution of her cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. " 01/01/2021 - "Expansion of Human Papillomavirus-Specific T Cells in Periphery and Cervix in a Therapeutic Vaccine Recipient Whose Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Regressed." 01/01/2021 - "The rate of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse was 0.26% (8/3,112) in vaccine (+) women and 0.81% (72/8,791) in vaccine (-) women. "
8.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2020 - "Triage of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions using human papillomavirus messenger ribonucleic acid tests-A prospective population-based register study." 11/01/2023 - "We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on a total of 17 clinical specimens, including normal cervical tissues, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and CC tissues. " 02/16/2023 - "CIN grades possessing different HPV RNA location patterns and RNAscope is helpful tool for distinguishing squamous intraepithelial lesions in difficult cervical cases." 01/01/2020 - "HPV RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) is a newer technique with excellent sensitivity and specificity for detecting virally infected cells and it may be more broadly applicable to both low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions." 01/01/2018 - "The majority of LSIL biopsies reclassified as negative (80%; 36 of 45 biopsies) were HPV RNA negative, whereas 93% of LSIL biopsies (39 of 41 biopsies) and 100% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion biopsies were HPV RNA positive. "
9.	Imiquimod (Aldara)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2018 - "Intra-anal imiquimod showed no evidence of immune activation or increase in HIV-1 viral replication in anal and rectal tissue and confirmed efficacy for intra-anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion treatment morbidity. " 11/07/2023 - "This study compared aesthetic outcome, psychosexual distress, and treatment satisfaction between women receiving surgical treatment or medical treatment with imiquimod for vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. " 11/07/2023 - "Good aesthetic outcome of vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion treatment can be achieved with imiquimod and surgery, consisting of ablation or local excision. " 09/30/2022 - "Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Treated with Imiquimod: Can Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Predict Recurrence?" 01/01/2022 - "Topical imiquimod compared with conization to treat cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: Multicenter, randomized controlled trial."
10.	Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2010 - "The activity of HPV is tightly associated with epithelial cell differentiation; therefore, regulators of differentiation, such as retinoic acid (RA), have been considered targets for the prevention of HPV-associated squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) development. " 01/01/2016 - "This study determined the methylation status of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) gene promoters and associated them with demographic characteristics, habits, and the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in patients with cervical cancer (CC), low and high squamous intraepithelial lesions, and no intraepithelial lesion. " 11/01/2001 - "Previous trials of topical trans-retinoic acid treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3 led to a statistically significant regression of CIN 2, but not CIN 3. We tested N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), a promising oral retinoid that has been shown to induce apoptosis through nonretinoic receptor acid-mediated pathways, for its toxicity and efficacy against CIN 2/3. In a blinded randomized trial, 4-HPR at 200 mg/day for 6 months (with a 3-day/month drug holiday) was compared with placebo in patients with biopsy-proven CIN-2/3 [high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSILs)]. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 12/01/2021 - "Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in women of reproductive age with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL/CIN2)." 06/01/2021 - "A prospective study of photodynamic therapy for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion." 01/01/2019 - "LEEP/Cone combined with photodynamic therapy for successful treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion." 03/01/2021 - "Six months after treatment, the photodynamic therapy effect was evaluated by HPV genotyping and Thinprep cytology first, the pathological examination would be performed at the 6-month follow-up point if the cytological results indicated the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. " 01/01/2022 - "Multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial to evaluate hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy (Cevira) as a novel treatment in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: APRICITY phase 3 study protocol."
2.	Therapeutics 06/01/2008 - "High-resolution anoscopy-targeted destruction combined with office-based surveillance and therapy is effective in controlling high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and is superior to reports of expectant management or traditional mapping procedures." 08/07/2009 - "The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), HPV viral load and HPV genotypes in HIV positive women initiating anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy. " 09/01/1991 - "This study analyzed the HPV type in pre- and posttreatment tissues in immunocompromised women with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) that recurred after ablative therapy. " 01/01/2020 - "To our knowledge, we have not seen this therapy described in transplant patients with extensive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion." 06/01/2017 - "Topical therapies for the treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions."
3.	Gas Lasers 06/01/1994 - "Efficacy of CO2 laser surgery in treating squamous intraepithelial lesions. " 01/01/2018 - " In a transversal study, 46 records of immunosuppressed women bearing a vulvar low grade and/or high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were selected out of the retrospective analysis, computing age, date of record, date of vulvar lesion treatment with CO2 laser, the time elapsed between the first and the last visit (in months), the number of visits, the presence or absence of condylomatous lesions in other female lower genital tract sites and whether or not recurrences and persistence of intraepithelial lesions have been noticed during the follow-up. " 12/01/2006 - "This study was carried out over an 8-year period in order to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of laser CO2 vaporization in the treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesion of type CIN2 and CIN3. " 01/01/2023 - "HPV lesions were biopsied and p16INK4a expression was tested to confirm urethral high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (U HSIL) on the histology prior to CO2 laser treatment under colposcopy. " 01/01/2022 - "Short-term effectiveness and tolerability of carbon dioxide laser for anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in individuals living with HIV."
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2021 - "Six months after treatment, except for 6 patients who progressed to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and underwent surgical treatment, the total baseline HPV remission rates was up to 82.54 % (208/252). " 11/07/2023 - "Aesthetic Outcome and Psychosexual Distress After Treatment for Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions." 10/01/2020 - "All 3 local recurrences occurred after treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. " 01/01/2020 - "To evaluate if the intraoperative human papillomavirus (IOP-HPV) test has the same prognostic value as the HPV test performed at 6 months after treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) to predict treatment failure. " 12/01/2017 - "The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of HR HPV testing for detection of residual high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was based on the first cytology after treatment, and was 91.7% (95% CI: 61.5%-99.8%), 84.1% (95% CI: 80.0%-87.7%) and 99.7% (95% CI: 98.2%-100.0%), respectively. "
5.	Immunotherapy 11/15/2020 - "Immunotherapy of vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (vHSIL) is investigated as an alternative for surgery, because of high comorbidity and risk of recurrence. " 11/15/2020 - "A pre-existing coordinated inflammatory microenvironment is associated with complete response of vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to different forms of immunotherapy." 03/05/2022 - "Importance of the Immune Microenvironment in the Spontaneous Regression of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (cSIL) and Implications for Immunotherapy." 08/01/2020 - "Immunotherapy in patients with local HPV infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion following uterine cervical conization." 09/01/2019 - "Safety and efficacy of mucosal immunotherapy using human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7-expressing Lactobacillus-based vaccine for the treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL): the study protocol of a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (MILACLE study)."