Hypophysitis

03/01/2023 - "Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment for most symptomatic hypophysitis."
03/28/2021 - "In this study, we describe the long-term clinical outcomes of two cases of glucocorticoid-treated biopsy-proven secondary hypophysitis caused by RCCs. "
01/01/2019 - "A Trial of Oral Glucocorticoids in the Resolution of Recurrent Granulomatous Hypophysitis: A Case Report."
09/01/2023 - "A novel approach to hypophysitis: outcomes using non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressive therapy."
01/01/2021 - "The present review builds on existing literature concerning immune-related hypophysitis underscoring the pending issues still to be addressed, including (i) pathogenesis; (ii) correlation with preexisting autoimmunity; (iii) predictive value; (iv) utility of high-dose glucocorticoids; and (v) establishment of evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. "

10/01/2009 - "At our institution, 3 patients presented with hypophysitis, which was attributed to an autoimmune process based on the documented relationship of the drug to other autoimmune phenomena and significant and rapid improvement with discontinuation of the drug and addition of steroids. "
04/01/2004 - "We report on hypophysitis associated with a prominent lymphoid infiltration of salivary and lachrymal glands in a 35-year-old woman with a dramatic response to steroids. "
08/01/2023 - "Due to the irreversible destruction of beta-cells, treatment with steroids is not indicated in contrast to other settings such as immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis. "
10/26/2022 - "In addition, we found that the clinical prognosis of patients with hypophysitis was related to the dose of steroid therapy. "
11/01/2020 - "In the absence of severe features, immunotherapy-related hypophysitis may be managed effectively without the use of supraphysiologic steroids."

10/01/2019 - "Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (IH) risk of development varies in different studies between 0 and 17%. "
12/01/2017 - "We report nine cases of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis in a cohort of 273 patients treated with ipilimumab between 2006 and 2015, as part of clinical trials or after its marketing. "
02/26/2023 - "We found that the typical features of hypophysitis involved more frequently females and patients treated with ipilimumab. "
01/01/2022 - "Mass effects and pituitary enlargement occurred more frequently in ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis. "
12/02/2021 - "Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (IIH) is a well-recognised and not infrequent endocrine irAE. "

01/01/2020 - "In the present study, we aimed to review and extract the MR imaging features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis. "
10/12/2019 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related hypophysitis is described more frequently in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4; however, recent studies reported an increasing prevalence of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced hypophysitis which also exhibits slightly different clinical features. "
08/01/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis: clinical and biochemical features."
05/15/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis (IH) is a relatively rare irAE. "
05/15/2023 - "Progress and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis."

03/01/2016 - "Hypophysitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pituitary gland and corticosteroids are usually recommended as the first-line treatment. "
08/29/2022 - "It suggests a potential application of a combined corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory regimen in other cases of refractory xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis."
01/01/2020 - "Accordingly, she was diagnosed as primary granulomatous hypophysitis and treated with high-dose corticosteroids. "
09/04/2018 - "In the face of a probable immune-related hypophysitis, high-dose corticosteroid treatment was started. "
01/01/2018 - "A diagnosis of postpartum hypophysitis was suspected and corticosteroids were prescribed. "

07/01/2020 - "We aim to describe 2 cases of ICI-mediated hypophysitis and perform autoantibody profiling on serial samples from these patients to determine if common autoantibodies could be identified. "
01/01/2017 - "Screening for autoantibodies, particularly anti-ENA and anti-ANA, is strongly suggested in the clinical context of hypophysitis."
01/01/2017 - "No correlations between hypophysitis subtype and anti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies were found. "
03/01/2013 - "The presence of pituitary autoantibodies substantiated the diagnosis of hypophysitis. "
03/01/2012 - "Significantly positive autoantibody reactivity against TPIT was found in 9/86 hypophysitis patients vs 1/90 controls (P = 0.018). "

06/01/2020 - "The acute presentation of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related hypophysitis can be indistinguishable from other forms of acute hypophysitis, and histology remains the diagnostic gold standard. "
05/04/2023 - "Some patients develop immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related hypophysitis associated with systemic diseases. "
07/24/2022 - "The criteria for immunoglobulin G4-related hypophysitis were formu-lated in 2011. "
09/05/2021 - "Immunoglobulin G4 hypophysitis in a 63-year-old woman with no autoimmune history: a case report."
10/02/2020 - "Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related hypophysitis is a rare disorder which often requires invasive pituitary gland biopsy to confirm its diagnosis. "

01/01/2022 - "A retrospective chart review of patients treated with ICI in a tertiary care centre was conducted to assess the rate of screening with cortisol and whether this had an impact on diagnosis of ICI-hypophysitis in the preclinical stage. "
09/01/2021 - "Accordingly, we diagnosed hypophysitis and immediately started hydrocortisone replacement therapy, which improved the symptoms."
01/17/2023 - "Hypercalcaemia secondary to hypophysitis and cortisol deficiency: another immunotherapy-related adverse event."
01/01/2022 - "Measuring morning serum cortisol in asymptomatic patients on ICI therapy is a fast and inexpensive way to screen for hypophysitis and should become the standard of care. "
01/01/2022 - "Currently, there is no consensus on how to best screen asymptomatic patients on ICI therapy for hypophysitis with serum cortisol. "

09/01/2021 - "•A patient exhibited IgG4-related hypothalamo-hypophysitis.•Prominent high-signal areas of swelling were observed in the hypothalamus, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, and bilateral optic nerve systems.•MRI T1WI with contrast media demonstrated enhanced neurohypophysis and cystic swelling, and compressed anterior pituitary.•MRI findings improved rapidly after 4 days of steroid therapy."
01/01/2014 - "Cranial and spinal magnetic resonance images with gadolinium contrast material showed cranial, cervical and lumbosacral hypertrophic pachymeningitis associated with infundibulo-hypophysitis. "

09/01/2022 - "These results suggest a caution for hypophysitis in patients treated with camrelizumab."
09/01/2022 - "However, camrelizumab-related hypophysitis has not yet been described. "
09/01/2022 - "Herein, we report three cases of hypophysitis secondary to camrelizumab therapy. "
09/01/2022 - "Hypophysitis: A rare but noteworthy immune-related adverse event secondary to camrelizumab therapy."
01/01/2023 - "Most treatment-emergent adverse events at least possibly attributed to camrelizumab were grade 1 or 2, including reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) (9 participants), hearing loss (1 participant), hypophysitis (1 participant). "

11/01/2023 - "Furthermore, in four of five patients who developed immune-related hypophysitis following combined therapy, anti-pituitary antibody was detected in the serum. "
09/01/2023 - "Our findings suggest that NGIT may be considered as an alternative therapy for patients with hypophysitis who require immunosuppression."
08/01/2023 - "7 patients (7%) had to discontinue ICI therapy [hypophysitis (100%), AI (100%), thyroidism (14%)]. "
01/01/2023 - "Hypophysitis occurred most frequently after combination therapy (13.7%) compared with CTLA-4 monotherapy (1.9%), PD-1 monotherapy (1.2%), and PD-L1 monotherapy (0.8%) (P<.0001). "
09/01/2022 - "Although subtle differences currently exist in management and outcome expectations between primary and secondary causes of hypophysitis, universally, treatment is aimed at symptom management and hormonal replacement therapy."

07/01/2022 - "Results A total of 27 (N) participants responded to the initial survey and 14 (n) responded to the subsequent survey six months later. Based on the initial survey, only a minority (26%) of respondents were comfortable diagnosing and managing (15%) immunotherapy-related adrenal dysfunction whereas more respondents were comfortable diagnosing (55%) and managing (56%) thyroid dysfunction. The majority (67%) of the respondents knew which immunotherapies commonly are implicated in hypophysitis but only 42% of them were aware of the next steps of its management. We noted a significant increase in self-reported comfort levels in diagnosing (p < 0.05) and managing (p < 0.05) adrenal disorders post-intervention. There was also a trend of improvement in participants' comfort levels regarding diagnosing and managing thyroid dysfunction, management of hypophysitis, and immunotherapies implicated in thyroid dysfunction but the changes did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant change in their knowledge regarding immunotherapies implicated in hypophysitis and natural history of thyroid dysfunction in this setting. In the six months following our intervention, 30% (n=21) of the patients referred to the endocrine clinic were for immune-related endocrinopathies compared to 19% (n=7) of patients over a similar duration before the intervention. Data on the time between referral and endocrinology appointment was available for 16 out of the 21 patients and the mean (±SD) time to endocrine clinic appointment was 2.66 (±1.95) weeks. Nine (43%) of the 21 referred patients were seen in endocrinology clinic within two weeks. "
02/01/2016 - "Additional studies with Ipi and other emerging agents have helped identify potential risk factors for the development of immunotherapy-related hypophysitis and possible underlying mechanisms for IH. "
10/10/2023 - "Immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis (IH) can result in a severe adrenal crisis, and prompt recognition and diagnosis are crucial. "
05/01/2023 - "Here we present the general pathophysiological mechanisms of these toxicities, and discuss the incidence, diagnosis, treatment, progression, management and monitoring of pituitary and adrenal disorders in patients treated by immunotherapy, with emphasis on hypophysitis, which is much more frequent than PAI with this type of molecule. "
01/17/2023 - "With the increasing uptake of immunotherapy, clinicians should be aware of this unusual presentation of immunotherapy-related hypophysitis and secondary hypocortisolaemia which can be life-threatening if the diagnosis is delayed. "

01/01/2019 - "In recent years, a large number of patients have been described as being affected by hypophysitis, due to the increased administration of immuno-chemotherapies. "
01/01/2019 - "Endocrinopathies, such as hypophysitis or autoimmune thyroid disease, may occur and can present unique clinical features that have not been documented with traditional chemotherapies. "
01/01/2022 - "A middle-aged MSI-H mCRC patient with metastases to the lungs and lymph nodes received several lines of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and developed five different high-grade irAEs during immunotherapy, including lymphadenitis, pneumonitis, hypophysitis, thyroiditis and transverse myelitis. "
01/01/2011 - "Elevated serum IgG4 levels decreased in 3 patients with pancreatic cancer after resection or chemotherapy, and decreased in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome, sclerosing cholangitis, and hypophysitis after steroid therapy. "
01/01/2017 - "In comparison with chemotherapy or everolimus or cetuximab control, PD-1 inhibitors significantly increased the risk of all grade hypothyroidism (relative risk: 6.38; 95% CI: 3.78-10.77; p < 0.001) and hyperthyroidism (relative risk: 5.08; 95% CI: 2.55-10.14; p < 0.001), but not for hypophysitis. "

02/01/2016 - "Hypophysitis occurs in a significant minority of patients treated with Ipi, in contrast to the relative rarity of idiopathic autoimmune hypophysitis or hypophysitis after treatment with other immunotherapies. "
09/20/2021 - "To our knowledge, this is the first case of nivolumab-induced hypophysitis manifesting several months after treatment discontinuation. "
02/01/2015 - "Of 131 patients treated with ipilimumab or a placebo, 15 patients (10 mg/kg in 11/15) presented with hypophysitis (≥11.5%) at 9.5±5.9 weeks (mean±s.d.) after treatment start, occurring in 66% after the third infusion. "
09/01/2019 - "Hypophysitis occurs rarely with these medications, and these patients have a distinct phenotype compared to hypophysitis after treatment with ipilimumab or ipilimumab plus nivolumab."
03/01/2007 - "To describe a case of granulomatous hypophysitis occurring after treatment with interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for hepatitis C. "

01/01/2023 - "He also suffered from hypophysitis and was prescribed hormone replacement therapy combined with immunotherapy. "
01/01/2019 - "Management of hypophysitis includes hormone replacement therapy if hypopituitarism is present and control of the consequences of the inflammatory pituitary mass (e.g. "
02/01/2016 - "The present retrospective study summarizes two rare cases of primary granulomatous hypophysitis, two cases of lymphocytic hypophysitis, and three cases in which a pathological diagnosis was not determined due to the use of hormone replacement therapy only. "