Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that originates from the TESTIS and inlcudes TERATOMAS; SEMINOMAS; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMAS; and YOLK SAC TUMORS. Genetic contribution is likely from multiple independent mutations in different genes that each confer moderate risk. Germline and somatic mutations in the BCL10 gene, and somatic mutations in KIT, BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, and STK11 have been identified. OMIM: 273300

Networked: 254 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 18 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Seminoma
3.	Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms (Germ Cell Tumor)
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Choriocarcinoma

Experts

1.	Lobo, João: 6 articles (10/2021 - 01/2020)
2.	Kawai, Koji: 6 articles (01/2021 - 12/2010)
3.	Mego, Michal: 5 articles (03/2022 - 10/2016)
4.	Arai, Yoichi: 5 articles (08/2014 - 06/2004)
5.	Chovanec, Michal: 4 articles (03/2022 - 10/2016)
6.	Kalavska, Katarina: 4 articles (03/2022 - 10/2016)
7.	Mardiak, Jozef: 4 articles (03/2022 - 10/2016)
8.	Obertova, Jana: 4 articles (03/2022 - 10/2016)
9.	Palacka, Patrik: 4 articles (03/2022 - 10/2016)
10.	Sycova-Mila, Zuzana: 4 articles (03/2022 - 10/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Testicular Germ Cell Tumor:

1.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 12/15/2011 - "The purpose of the study was to identify overall incidence and risk of developing a metachronous contralateral testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and compare the risk for patients treated before and after 1980 (cisplatin became available for patients with metastatic TGCT). " 02/01/2000 - "Systematized cisplatin-based treatment protocols have been established in patients with advanced testicular germ cell tumor by means of many randomized controlled trials. " 11/01/2022 - "Testis-expressed gene 11 inhibits cisplatin-induced DNA damage and contributes to chemoresistance in testicular germ cell tumor." 12/22/2020 - "Differential gene expression in cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive testicular germ cell tumor cell lines." 12/20/2016 - "Notwithstanding the peculiar sensitivity to cisplatin-based treatment, resulting in a very high percentage of cures even in advanced stages of the disease, still we do not know the biological mechanisms that make Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (TGCT) "unique" in the oncology scene. "
2.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 10/18/2021 - "Combining Hypermethylated RASSF1A Detection Using ddPCR with miR-371a-3p Testing: An Improved Panel of Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Patients." 08/05/2020 - "Prediction of relapse in stage I testicular germ cell tumor patients on surveillance: investigation of biomarkers." 01/01/2019 - "The microRNA-371a-3p (miR-371a-3p) has been reported to be an informative liquid biopsy (serum and plasma) molecular biomarker for both diagnosis and follow-up of patients with a malignant (testicular) germ cell tumor ((T)GCT). " 01/01/2015 - "Since only 60% of all patients with testicular germ cell tumor have elevations of these markers, there is a need for new biomarkers with greater sensitivity/specificity. " 01/01/2015 - "This study reports a high-throughput miR profiling (≈750 miRs) approach on serum from testicular germ cell tumor patients (14 seminoma and 10 non-seminoma) and controls (n = 11), aiming at independent identification of miRs as candidate biomarkers for testicular GCT. "
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 05/26/2023 - "Germline Exome Sequencing for Men with Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Reveals Coding Defects in Chromosomal Segregation and Protein-targeting Genes." 01/01/2021 - "We recently characterized that neuritogenesis-related protein neuritin 1 (NRN1) functions as an oncogene in testicular germ cell tumor. " 11/15/2014 - "Genome-wide association (GWA) studies of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) have identified 18 susceptibility loci, some containing genes encoding proteins important in male germ cell development. " 04/01/2005 - "Low p21Waf1/Cip1 Protein Level Sensitizes Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Cells to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis." 10/01/2004 - "We investigated expression of the two most commonly mutated MMR genes, MSH2 and MLH1, in sporadic testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) in order to: (1) determine the expression pattern of MSH2 and MLH1 proteins in normal seminiferous tubules and histologically distinct GCT subtypes, (2) correlate MMR gene expression with genetic instability in GCT and (3) develop a panel of molecular markers that can identify genetically distinct subsets of GCT for prognostic assessment. "
4.	GlypicansIBA 09/01/2006 - "Oncofetal protein glypican-3 in testicular germ-cell tumor." 01/01/2012 - "In addition to glypican-3 and Sal-like protein 4, N-cadherin can be beneficial for the diagnosis and classification of this subtype of testicular germ cell tumor. "
5.	Cadherins (E-Cadherin)IBA 12/01/2020 - "microRNA-196a-5p inhibits testicular germ cell tumor progression via NR6A1/E-cadherin axis." 01/01/2012 - "In addition to glypican-3 and Sal-like protein 4, N-cadherin can be beneficial for the diagnosis and classification of this subtype of testicular germ cell tumor. "
6.	PlatinumIBA 04/20/2022 - "Despite having a favorable response to platinum-based chemotherapies, ~15% of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (TGCT) patients are platinum-resistant. " 01/01/2018 - "Although platinum-based chemotherapy (CHT) remains the cornerstone of clinical stage I testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) treatment, its long-term toxicity and complications in cancer survivors are unclear. " 03/01/2007 - "Further in vitro cytotoxic evaluation using human testicular germ cell tumor cell lines 1411HP and H12.1 and colon carcinoma cell line DLD-1 showed moderate cytotoxic activity for all platinum(II) complexes only in the cisplatin-sensitive cell line H12.1. Platinum uptake studies using atomic absorption spectroscopy indicated no relationship between uptake and activity. " 04/20/2022 - "Genomic Profile in a Non-Seminoma Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor Cohort Reveals a Potential Biomarker of Sensitivity to Platinum-Based Therapy."
7.	Human beta Subunit Chorionic GonadotropinIBA 03/01/2004 - "In this study, we explored the possibility of developing a new therapeutic agent to target and induce the killing of testicular germ cell tumor selectively by using tissue-specific hCG-beta promoters." 03/01/1990 - "In 113 patients with testicular germ cell tumor, the authors determined human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and the free beta subunit levels in sera by differential quantitation using homologous hCG-beta radioimmunoassay (RIA) and hCG enzyme immunoassay (EIA), respectively. "
8.	CytokinesIBA 01/01/2017 - "The aim of this study was to assess the correlation among plasma cytokines, patient and tumor characteristics, and clinical outcome in chemonaive testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT) patients. " 01/01/2007 - "There is reason to suspect that testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) development may be influenced by cytokines, secreted proteins that modulate tumor immune surveillance activity as well as a variety of processes in the testis. "
9.	TinIBA 02/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TIN and multifocality in men undergoing radical orchiectomy for testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT), and among those with a main tumor size ≤ 2 cm, potentially eligible for testis-sparing surgery. " 01/01/1993 - "Four patients with unilateral testicular germ-cell tumor and biopsy-proven contralateral testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN; so-called carcinoma in situ) received localized low-dose radiation therapy (18-20 Gy) of the testis with TIN. "
10.	NivolumabIBA 02/01/2019 - "This review summarizes the experience with anti-PD-1 agents (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) in the treatment of testicular germ cell tumor relapsing after multiple lines of treatment, and exposes future trials evaluating newer checkpoint inhibitors in this setting." 01/01/2019 - "Moreover, we found new patents regarding testicular germ cell tumor treatments such as the expression of claudin 6, monoclonal antibody (Brentuximab Vedotin), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with the FDA-approved drugs pembrolizumab and nivolumab or the oncolytic virus Pelareorep, the combination of selective inhibitors of Aurora kinase. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1992 - "Clinically, the prognosis of most patients with testicular germ cell tumor is fairly good because of the improved chemotherapies that are dependent on histological diagnosis." 06/24/2023 - "Sperm DNA methylation dynamics after chemotherapy: a longitudinal study of a patient with testicular germ cell tumor treatment." 01/01/2023 - "The Use of Salvage Chemotherapy for Patients with Relapsed Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (GCT) in Canada: A National Survey." 01/07/2021 - "Less toxic treatment strategies for testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients are needed, as overtreatment is a concern due to the long-term side effects of platin-based chemotherapy. " 01/01/2021 - "Primary Chemotherapy in a 47-Year-Old Patient with Giant Ulcerative and Necrotizing Nonseminomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumor."
2.	Therapeutics 11/01/2023 - "Currently, testicular germ cell tumor patients are advised to wait 2 years post-therapy before seeking natural pregnancy. " 06/01/2023 - "TIMEAS, a promising method for the stratification of testicular germ cell tumor patients with distinct immune microenvironment, clinical outcome and sensitivity to frontline therapies." 02/01/2013 - "Commentary on "effective testicular germ cell tumor therapy on renal function." Cost NG, Adibi M, Lubahn JD et al, Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX: Urology 2012;80:641." 09/01/2012 - "Effect of testicular germ cell tumor therapy on renal function." 05/01/2007 - "Cardiovascular and metabolic consequences of therapies in long-term testicular germ cell tumor survivors are being further clarified. "
3.	Orchiectomy (Orchidectomy) 03/01/2009 - "Orchiectomy specimens from 145 consecutive patients treated for testicular germ cell tumor between 1995 and 2006 were included in the study. " 01/01/2021 - "Real-World Application of Pre-Orchiectomy miR-371a-3p Test in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Management." 10/01/2017 - "With a presumed diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumor, a right radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed. " 07/01/2015 - "Oncological Outcomes in Japanese Men Undergoing Orchiectomy for Stage I Testicular Germ Cell Tumor." 12/01/2013 - "The proposed models may facilitate selection of patients with testicular germ cell tumor for contralateral testicular biopsy at the time of orchiectomy if this is not routinely done."
4.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 01/01/2016 - "We aimed to study the outcomes of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in postchemotherapy residual masses in advanced testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) in the Indian population. " 11/01/2017 - "Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an important component of the management of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) but carries significant surgical morbidity. " 10/01/2012 - "Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumor is technically difficult and associated with significant morbidity. " 10/01/2012 - "Midline extraperitoneal approach for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular germ cell tumor." 08/01/2009 - "Reoperative retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection for testicular germ cell tumor."
5.	Radiotherapy 01/09/2018 - "Increased risk of testis failure in testicular germ cell tumor survivors undergoing radiotherapy." 01/01/2016 - "We investigated hMSH5 C85T allele and genotype frequencies, routine semen analysis and sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) in 113 testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients before and after radiotherapy. " 01/01/2021 - "PubMed®, Embase® and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1980 to 2018 for studies addressing the effectiveness of surveillance, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, according to pathology and clinical stage, for men with an early stage testicular germ cell tumor. " 05/01/2019 - "Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (TGCT), undoubtedly the seminoma histological variant more than non-seminoma one, is definitely a highly curable disease, with a distinctive sensitivity to cisplatin-based therapy (and for seminomas to radiotherapy) and an outstanding cure rate of nearly 80% even for patients with advanced disease. " 01/01/1997 - "We report a case of acute monocytic leukemia occurring in a 44-year-old man who received etoposide-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a recurrent, metastatic testicular germ cell tumor. "