Pilocarpine (Ocusert)

A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

Also Known As:

Ocusert; Salagen; Isopilocarpine; Isoptocarpine; Pilocarpine Hydrochloride; Pilocarpine Mononitrate, (3S-cis)-Isomer; Pilocarpine Nitrate; Pilocarpine, Monohydrochloride, (3S-cis)-Isomer; Hydrochloride, Pilocarpine; Nitrate, Pilocarpine; 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-ethyldihydro-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-, (3S-cis)-

Networked: 3767 relevant articles (211 outcomes, 731 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 207
- Alkaloids: 5592
  - Pilocarpine: 3767

Experts

1.	Wang, Xuefeng: 40 articles (01/2018 - 08/2010)
2.	Avoli, Massimo: 31 articles (01/2023 - 01/2002)
3.	Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão: 31 articles (01/2023 - 06/2002)
4.	Nehlig, Astrid: 30 articles (11/2017 - 02/2002)
5.	Löscher, Wolfgang: 27 articles (10/2021 - 04/2002)
6.	Cavalheiro, Esper A: 26 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
7.	Buckmaster, Paul S: 25 articles (08/2022 - 08/2002)
8.	Xiao, Bo: 25 articles (01/2021 - 02/2003)
9.	Smolders, Ilse: 23 articles (01/2022 - 08/2002)
10.	Lévesque, Maxime: 21 articles (01/2023 - 11/2010)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Absence Seizure) 06/01/2011 - "ALAC (125-500 mg/kg/day for 15 days) protected against seizures induced by 250 mg/kg pilocarpine, but was less effective against higher pilocarpine doses. " 06/01/2011 - "Similarly to CBZ, ALAC (125-500 mg/kg/day for 15 days) was also effective against spontaneous seizures in the post-pilocarpine SE model. " 01/01/2009 - "Bilateral anterior thalamic nucleus lesions are not protective against seizures in chronic pilocarpine epileptic rats." 05/01/2007 - "The present data suggest that the protective effects of LEV against pilocarpine-induced seizures can be mediated, at least in part, by reduction of lipid peroxidation and hippocampal oxidative stress." 04/23/2024 - "Neurotinib-administered mice have fewer seizures and improved survival following pilocarpine-SE induction. "
2.	Status Epilepticus (Complex Partial Status Epilepticus) 02/01/2007 - "at 2 months after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, significant reduction of CCR7-10 expression in CB-, CR- and PV-immunpositive interneurons may suggest the phenotype change of surviving interneurons. " 05/01/2016 - "In addition, this compound also showed considerable protection against pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in rats. " 01/01/2021 - "Finally, the new analogue 3h reduced the severity of the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus as observed for 2a." 01/01/2017 - "To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies testing exercise in animal models of pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and to compare the efficacy of different training strategies used in those studies. " 01/01/2017 - "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of different exercise programs in pilocarpine induced status epilepticus models."
3.	Xerostomia 02/01/1995 - "It is concluded that in these studies pilocarpine produced clinically significant benefits with acceptable side effects and risks for the treatment of symptomatic postradiation xerostomia. " 02/01/1995 - "There was a significant improvement in the overall "global" condition of xerostomia associated with the use of pilocarpine in both studies. " 01/01/1995 - "In these studies, pilocarpine 5 to 10mg 3 times daily increased salivary flow and improved symptoms of xerostomia in a significantly higher percentage of patients than did placebo (54 versus 25% in one study). " 04/01/2023 - "However, oral pilocarpine significantly improved symptoms of xerostomia with minor side effects that were predominantly limited to sweating." 09/01/2020 - "When comparing pilocarpine with placebo in the time points, there was no significant difference (p > .05) for QoL or XI. Significant differences in improvement in QoL and xerostomia experience appeared along time for pilocarpine group. "
4.	Epilepsy (Aura) 01/01/2017 - "In this paper, we proposed the application of a frequency-based algorithm derived from principal component analysis (PCA), and demonstrated improved efficacy for early seizure detection in a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy rat model. " 05/01/2024 - "In this study, we hypothesized the involvement of TNIK in epilepsy and investigated TNIK expression in patients with intractable TLE and in a pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. " 09/01/2023 - "An epilepsy mouse model induced by pilocarpine was used in this study. " 05/01/2021 - "This study indicated that miR-101a-3p could attenuate pilocarpine-induced epilepsy by repressing c-Fos expression." 12/01/2020 - "The aims of the present study were to observe the changes of cognitive function in a pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy, and to investigate the effects of hippocampal low-frequency stimulation (Hip-LFS) on cognitive function in rats with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. "
5.	Glaucoma 07/01/1997 - "The ability to predict the pilocarpine-induced change in the angle before the instillation of pilocarpine would be helpful in treating patients with glaucoma." 04/01/1977 - "Management of chronic glaucoma with pilocarpine Ocuserts." 04/01/2017 - "Additionally, the slow biodegradation process of delivery carriers was responsible for the delayed pilocarpine release, which allowed that the drug concentration could reach minimum therapeutic level for treating glaucoma during 42days of the study. " 09/12/2012 - "There is some evidence from two small trials in more severe OAG, that initial medication (pilocarpine, now rarely used as first line medication) is associated with more glaucoma progression than surgery. " 11/01/1996 - "This study was performed to investigate the use of an electronic medication alarm device (Prescript TimeCap) to enhance compliance in glaucoma patients taking pilocarpine. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Lithium
2.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)
3.	Timolol (Blocadren)
4.	Kainic Acid (Kainate)
5.	Pentylenetetrazole (Metrazol)
6.	Pilocarpine (Ocusert)
7.	Latanoprost (Xalatan)
8.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)
9.	Diazepam (Valium)
10.	Tablets

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Radiotherapy
3.	Lasers (Laser)
4.	Oral Administration
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)