The essential feature of tumour
therapy rests upon host-tumour interaction. To achieve
therapeutic effects, a prerequisite to
immunotherapy is the reduction of tumour cells in the host's body. Such measures should not be immunosuppressive. Cytotoxic
chemotherapy is not appropriate in this regard. Supraradical surgery and non-specific
radiotherapy are not desirable for preservation of nervous function, if their immunosuppression is not as severe as cytotoxic substances.
Boron-neutron capture therapy is a highly specific and least immunosuppressive means of reducing tumour cells of the central nervous system. A brief introductory review of basic research is presented. The interim clinical results are: (i) Treatment of recurrent
glioblastoma: Survival extension obtained by
neutron capture therapy is 21.9 +/- 7.2 mos in contrast to that obtained by conventional treatments of 6.7 +/- 0.6 mos (p less than 0.001), (Total survival 26.3 +/- 6.7 mos); and (ii) only three patients including two
glioblastoma cases were treated with neutron by the same surgeon who, by performing the first tumour operation, had the advantage in topographic knowledge for determining the radiation field. They survived 4, 5, and 6 years in almost fully active conditions. The new Musashi Institute of Technology Reactor Thermal Neutron
Therapy Facility and the increased domestic production of
boron-10 isotope have enlarged the therapeutic capacity to two dozen patients a year.