The intricate ecosystem of the mammalian gut, which hosts a diverse microbiome, plays a vital role in various physiological functions. Trillions of bacteria within the gut contribute to host metabolism, immune modulation, energy homeostasis, and more. Emerging research highlights the gut microbiota's significant impact on
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with intestinal
dysbiosis identified as a risk factor for conditions such as
obesity and diabetes, both linked to
atherosclerosis. Chronic
inflammation, pivotal in
atherosclerosis, is influenced by the gut microbiome, where microbial signals, such as
lipopolysaccharides, can translocate from the gut to trigger inflammatory responses. Diet has major effects on the gut microbiota, with the Western diet, rich in saturated
fats, contributing to
dysbiosis and elevated cardiovascular risks. Probiotics and
prebiotics offer therapeutic potential in CVD management. Probiotics, or live microorganisms, exhibit
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
cholesterol-lowering effects. Probiotics are most effective when given with
prebiotics, with the former acting on the latter as substrate. Understanding the dynamic interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and CVD provides insights into preventive and therapeutic strategies.