Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (
PRRS) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Current
vaccine prevention and treatment approaches for
PRRS are not adequate, and commercial
vaccines do not provide sufficient cross-immune protection. Therefore, establishing a precise, sensitive, simple, and rapid serological diagnostic approach for detecting PRRSV
antibodies is crucial. The present study used
quantum dot fluorescent
microspheres (QDFM) as tracers, covalently linked to the PRRSV N
protein, to develop an immunochromatography strip (ICS) for detecting PRRSV
antibodies.
Monoclonal antibodies against PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M)
proteins were both coated on
nitrocellulose membranes as control (C) and test (T) lines, respectively. QDFM ICS identified PRRSV
antibodies under 10 min with high sensitivity and specificity. The specificity assay revealed no cross-reactivity with the other tested viruses. The sensitivity assay revealed that the minimum detection limit was 1.2 ng/mL when the maximum dilution was 1:2,048, comparable to the sensitivity of
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Moreover, compared to PRRSV ELISA antibody detection kits, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of QDFM ICS after analyzing 189 clinical samples were 96.7%, 97.9%, and 97.4%, respectively. Notably, the test strips can be stored for up to 6 months at 4 °C and up to 4 months at room temperature (18-25 °C). In conclusion, QDFM ICS offers the advantages of rapid detection time, high specificity and sensitivity, and affordability, indicating its potential for on-site
PRRS screening. KEY POINTS: • QDFM ICS is a novel method for on-site and in-lab detection of PRRSV
antibodies • Its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are on par with commercial ELISA kits • QDFM ICS rapidly identifies PRRSV, aiding the swine industry address the evolving virus.