Multi-drug resistant
bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health. Thus, the development of effective bactericidal strategies is a pressing concern. In this study, a ternary heterostructure (Zn-CN/P-GO/BiS) comprised of Zn-doped
graphite phase
carbon nitride (g-C3N4), phosphorous-doped
graphene oxide (GO) and
bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) is constructed for efficiently treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected
wound. Zn doping-induced defect sites in
g-C3N4 results in a reduced band gap (ΔE) and a smaller energy gap (ΔEST) between the singlet state S1 and triplet state T1, which favours two-photon excitation and accelerates electron transfer. Furthermore, the formation of an internal electric field at the ternary heterogeneous interface optimizes the charge transfer pathway, inhibits the recombination of electron-hole pairs, improves the photodynamic effect of
g-C3N4, and enhances its catalytic performance. Therefore, the Zn-CN/P-GO/BiS significantly augments the production of
reactive oxygen species and heat under 808 nm NIR (0.67 W cm-2) irradiation, leading to the elimination of 99.60% ± 0.07% MRSA within 20 min. Additionally, the release of essential
trace elements (Zn and P) promotes wound healing by activating
hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (
PPAR) signaling pathways. This work provides unique insight into the rapid antibacterial applications of
trace element doping and two-photon excitation.