New light on ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetes debate: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and intake threshold study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a key modifiable factor in the intervention of type 2 diabetes, yet recommendations for dietary consumption of ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes remain ambiguous and controversial. Here, we revisit the subject in the light of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PPK-PD) modeling and propose a threshold for intake.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:

Plasma levels of ω-3 PUFA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicator, respectively. The nonlinear mixed effect analysis was used to construct a PPK-PD model for ω-3 PUFA and to quantify the effects of FADS gene polymorphism, age, liver and kidney function, and other covariables.

RESULTS:

Data from 161 patients with type 2 diabetes in the community were modeled in a two-compartment model with primary elimination, and HDL was a statistically significant covariate. The simulation results showed that HbA1c showed a dose-dependent decrease of ω-3 PUFA plasma level. A daily intake of ω-3 PUFA at 0.4 g was sufficient to achieve an HbA1c level of 7% in more than 95% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

PPK/PD modeling was proposed as a multilevel analytical framework to quantitatively investigate finer aspects of the complex relationship between ω-3 PUFA and type 2 diabetes on genetic and non-genetic influence factors. The results support a beneficial role for ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes and suggested the intake threshold. This new approach may provide insights into the interaction of the two and an understanding of the context in which changes occur.

• Authors: Ling Wang, Xiaomin Huang, Mingyao Sun, Tian Zheng, Luyan Zheng, Xiaolan Lin, Junshan Ruan, Fan Lin
• Journal: Nutrition & diabetes (Nutr Diabetes) Vol. 14 Issue 1 Pg. 8 (Mar 04 2024) ISSN: 2044-4052 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 38438344 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2024. The Author(s).

Chemical References

• Fatty Acids, Omega-3
• Glycated Hemoglobin

Topics

• Humans
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (drug therapy)
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3
• Glycated Hemoglobin
• Liver