Lipotoxicity: The missing link between diabetes and periodontitis?

Abstract

Lipotoxicity refers to the accumulation of lipids in tissues other than adipose tissue (body fat). It is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the progression of diabetes complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic nephropathy. Accumulating evidence indicates that lipotoxicity also contributes significantly to the toxic effects of diabetes on periodontitis. Therefore, we reviewed the current in vivo, in vitro, and clinical evidence of the detrimental effects of lipotoxicity on periodontitis, focusing on its molecular mechanisms, especially oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, ceramides, adipokines, and programmed cell death pathways. By elucidating potential therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity and describing their associated mechanisms and clinical outcomes, including metformin, statins, liraglutide, adiponectin, and omega-3 PUFA, this review seeks to provide a more comprehensive and effective treatment framework against diabetes-associated periodontitis. Furthermore, the challenges and future research directions are proposed, aiming to contribute to a more profound understanding of the impact of lipotoxicity on periodontitis.

• Authors: Yu Sun, Yuanyuan Yin, Sihan Yang, Dongqing Ai, Han Qin, Xuyun Xia, Xiaohui Xu, Jinlin Song
• Journal: Journal of periodontal research (J Periodontal Res) (Feb 28 2024) ISSN: 1600-0765 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 38419425 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: © 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.