Fish Oil Supplementation Modifies the Proteome, Lipidome, and Function of High-Density Lipoprotein: Findings from a Trial in Young Healthy Adults.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Fish oil with the ω-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA is an FDA-approved treatment of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, EPA is an FDA-approved treatment of patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the cardioprotective mechanisms are unclear.

OBJECTIVES:

We aimed to determine if fish oil supplementation is cardioprotective due to beneficial modifications in HDL particles.

METHODS:

Seven fish oil naïve subjects without a history of CVD were recruited to take a regimen of fish oil (1125 mg EPA and 875 mg DHA daily) for 30 d, followed by a 30-d washout period wherein no fish oil supplements were taken. HDL isolated from fasting whole blood at each time point via 2-step ultracentrifugation (ucHDL) was assessed for proteome, lipidome, cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), and anti-inflammatory capacity.

RESULTS:

Following fish oil supplementation, the HDL-associated proteins immunoglobulin heavy constant γ1, immunoglobulin heavy constant α1, apolipoprotein D, and phospholipid transfer protein decreased compared to baseline (P < 0.05). The HDL-associated phospholipid families sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylserines increased after fish oil supplementation relative to baseline (P < 0.05). Compared to baseline, fish oil supplementation increased serum HDL's CEC (P = 0.002). Fish oil-induced changes (Post compared with Baseline) in serum HDL's CEC positively correlated with plasma EPA levels (R2 = 0.7256; P = 0.015). Similarly, fish oil-induced changes in ucHDL's CEC positively correlated with ucHDL's ability to reduce interleukin 10 (R2 = 0.7353; P = 0.014) and interleukin 6 mRNA expression (R2 = 0.6322; P =0.033) in a human macrophage cell line.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, fish oil supplementation improved HDL's sterol efflux capacity through comprehensive modifications to its proteome and lipidome.

• Authors: Paul A Mueller, Paige Bergstrom, Sara Rosario, Melissa Heard, Nathalie Pamir
• Journal: The Journal of nutrition (J Nutr) Vol. 154 Issue 4 Pg. 1130-1140 (Apr 2024) ISSN: 1541-6100 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 38237669 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2024 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Fish Oils
• Proteome
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3
• Lipoproteins, HDL
• Immunoglobulins
• Docosahexaenoic Acids
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid
• Triglycerides

Topics

• Adult
• Humans
• Fish Oils (pharmacology)
• Proteome
• Lipidomics
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3
• Lipoproteins, HDL
• Dietary Supplements
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Immunoglobulins
• Docosahexaenoic Acids
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid
• Triglycerides